1. Carbon Cycle 1.Photosynthesis role in carbon cycle? 2.Respiration’s role in carbon cycle? 3.Decomposition by bacteria in soil role in carbon cycle?

2. Carbon Cycle 1.Photosynthesis role in carbon cycle? Remove CO2; Cooling 2.Respiration’s role in carbon cycle? Add CO2; Warming 3.Decomposition by bacteria in soil role in carbon cycle? Add CO2; Warming

3. Food Webs 4. Name a producer? Primary consumer? Tertiary consumer? 5. What essential component of all food webs is not shown? 6. Note that each chain within the web only consists of 3-4 organisms. Why? 7. How is the cycling of matter in a food web different from the cycling of energy?

4. Food Webs 4. Name a producer? Tree Primary consumer? Rabbit/goat/mouse; Tertiary consumer: lion 5. What essential component of all food webs is not shown? Sunlight and/or Decomposers 6. Note that each chain within the web only consists of 3-4 organisms. Why? Less and less energy is available with each transfer; There has to be enough energy available in lower levels to support higher levels. 7. How is the cycling of matter in a food web different from the cycling of energy? Matter never has to be re-supplied. It is truly cycled/ rearranged in food web transfers. Energy is “lost” as heat with each exchange. Energy must continually supplied by the sun for the energy to move through the web.

5. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule Only energy in the form of biomass is available to pass from one trophic level to the next. Consumed energy (food) is used by organism for: Respiration/ATP production/Life processes/body heat (Metabolism) Waste removal “Lost” as heat Add Biomass About 10% energy at lower level is available (in form of biomass) to support higher levels. Takes a lot of rats to feed 1 owl.

6. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule 8.What is the source of all energy in all pyramids? 9.The base of ecological pyramids are: a.Herbivoresc. Producers b.Omnivoresd. consumers 10.How many kilocalories of energy at the cricket level are necessary to support 100 kilocalories of mice?

7. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule 11. What is the food eaten by organism used for? a.Cell respiration & waster production b.Waste production & biomass increase c.Cell respiration, biomass increase, and waste production d.Biomass increase and waste production. 12. What percentage of energy consumed by this caterpillar is available to support the bird that eats it?

8. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule 8.What is the food eaten by organism used for? Cell respiration, biomass increase, and waste production 9.What percentage of energy consumed by this caterpillar is available to support the bird that eats it? (33 J / 200 J )* 100 = 16.5%

9. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule 13. Which organism is more energy efficient? Show your work. Organism A Eats: 5 kcal food Uses: 1.5 kcal for respiration 0.5 kcal for biomass gain 1.0 kcal for waste removal. Organism B Eats: 5 kcal food Uses: 2.0 kcal for respiration 1.0 kcal for biomass gain 1.5 kcal for waste removal.

10. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule 13. Which organism is more energy efficient? Show your work. A: (2 kcal lost as heat + 1 kcal waste) = 3 kcal; 3 kcal/5kcal x 100 = 60% energy lost energy B: (0.5 kcal lost as heat = 1.5 kcal waste) = 2kcal/5kcal x 100 = 40% energy lost B is more energy efficient! Organism A Eats: 5 kcal food Uses: 1.5 kcal for respiration 0.5 kcal for biomass gain 1.0 kcal for waste removal. Organism B Eats: 5 kcal food Uses: 2.0 kcal for respiration 1.0 kcal for biomass gain 1.5 kcal for waste removal.

11. Other Ecological Pyramids 14. Energy pyramids always have a pyramid shape, but numbers and biomass pyramids can vary in shape. Why?

12. Other Ecological Pyramids 14. Energy pyramids always have a pyramid shape, but numbers and biomass pyramids can vary in shape. Why? Numbers Pyramid: 2 large trees can feed many small insects. Biomass Pyramid: Rapidly reproducing organisms can support larger biomass.

13. Predator/Prey Relationships The interdependent predator/prey relationship results in a cyclical population growth curve for each species Account for the trend shown.