1. Program on Grid management SCADA/EMS System in Northern Region
June 2003
Subtitle (Arial 22 to 24)
Program on Grid management
NRLDC – POWERGRID
SCADA/EMS System in Northern Region by
S.K.Nehru
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2. Organization of presentation
NR SC&C Project
Overview of the system
Overview of functions
SCADA
EMS

3. System Overview China Pakistan Nepal J&K SEB 13 RTUs 1 Sub-LDC HPSEBF H
BBMB
DVB
NREB
UPSEB
HSEB
HPSEB
PSEB
CPCC
Panipat (B)
Dadri (B)
Dadri (H)
Sultanpur
Moradabad
Varanasi
Rishikesh
Bhilwara
Kota
Ratangarh
Narwana
Hamirpur
Kunihar
Laltonkalan
Jallandhar (P)
Jallandhar (B)
Moga
Ganguwal (B)
RSEB
Panki
J&K
Pakistan
Nepal
China
Jammu & Kashmir
Himachal
Pradesh
Punjab
Haryana
Uttar
Rajasthan
Delhi
Gujarat
Madhya
Bemina
J&K SEB
13 RTUs
1 Sub-LDC
HPSEB
16 RTUs
2 Sub-LDC
PSEB
19 RTUs
2 Sub-LDC
BBMB
21 RTUs
4 Sub-LDC
HVPNL
41 RTUs
2 Sub-LDC
DVB
31 RTUs
4 Sub-LDC
UPSEB
82 RTUs
5 Sub-LDC
RSEB
21 RTUs
3 Sub-LDC
RSCC
42 RTUs
1 CPCC

4. System Hierarchy R.S.C.C. DELHI CHANDIGARH S.L.D.C. of B.B.M.B.
DADRI
Sub-L.D.C. of
PANIPAT
JAMALPUR
GANGUWAL
MINTO ROAD
S.L.D.C. of
D.E.S.U.
BAWANA
Sub-L.D.C. of
GOPALPUR
GAZIPUR
BAMNAULI
R.S.C.C.
DELHI
GLADNI
S.L.D.C. of
J & K
BENIMA
Sub-L.D.C. of
JALLANDHAR II
Sub-L.D.C. of
P.S.E.B.
LALTONKALAN
PATIALA
S.L.D.C. of
SHIMLA
S.L.D.C. of
H.P.S.E.B.
KUNIHAR
Sub-L.D.C. of
HAMIRPUR
PANIPAT
S.L.D.C. of
H.S.E.B.
NARWANA
Sub-L.D.C. of
DADRI
HEERAPURA
S.L.D.C. of
R.S.E.B.
RATANGARH
Sub-L.D.C. of
KOTA
BHILWARA
KANPUR
C.P.C.C.
LUCKNOW
S.L.D.C. of
U.P.S.E.B.
RISHIKESH
Sub-L.D.C. of
VARANASI
MORADABAD
SULTANPUR
PANKI

5. TYPICAL SUB-LDC CONFIGURATION
To the concerned SLDC
Dual Processor/
Desktop
console
Dual
WAN Routers
Dual LAN
Dual
Communication
Front-end
Peripheral
Equipment
To RTUs

6. TYPICAL SLDC CONFIGURATION
SCADA/EMS
SERVERS
ISR
SERVER
ICCP
SERVER
Network
Management
Console
Development
Console
Dual LAN
Communication
Front-end
Operator
Consoles
WAN
Routers
Peripheral
Equipment
To RSCC & SUB-LDCs
Remote
VDUs
To RTUs

7. RSCC CONFIGURATION Dual LAN SCADA/EMS SERVERS ISR SERVERS ICCP SERVERS
Development
SERVER
DTS
SERVER
Network
Management
Console
Dual LAN
Communication
Front-end
Operator
Consoles
WAN
Routers
Development
Console
DTS
Operator
Consoles
Peripheral
Equipment
To RTUs
To SLDCs & CPCC
Remote
VDUs

8. System Architecture Communication Front-ends (CFE)
drives the serial communication lines connected to the RTUs.
the CFE hardware configuration consists of a VME chassis containing an
Ethernet controller card and several serial communication cards.
the number of communication cards depend on the number of RTUs to
connect where each card can support up to 16 communication lines with
the RTUs.
the standard time interface to the GPS clock for the RTU synchronization
is provided by a True Time VME bus card installed in the VME chassis.

9. System Architecture SCADA/EMS Server
It support the following system functions:
SCADA
Real-time dispatching
Power system analysis
the SCADA/EMS servers operate in a primary-standby relationship for
redundancy purposes.
SCADA/EMS software is active only on the application server assigned the primary role.

10. System Architecture ISR Server
used to perform Information Storage and Retrieval functions. (Oracle software)
also operate in a primary-standby redundancy.
Development Server
This server and its associated Development Consoles provide software
utilities used to develop and maintain SCADA/EMS software, Compilers,
displays and databases.

11. System Architecture Operator Consoles
handle the man-machine interface for system control and supervision
operations.
there are operator consoles with 2-CRTs and operator consoles with
one CRT.
Network Management Console
provides the monitoring facilities for local area and wide band network.
Gives statistics about traffic on the line.

12. System Architecture Local Area Network (LAN)
contains 8 slots that can be used to plug in full range of servers and
routers
contains LAN switch modules, each one offering 12 ports
Contains the terminal server to connect the loggers and the line printers
it is also in dual configuration
Wide Area Network (WAN)
To allow several connections with
other control centers
Remote VDU (Video Display Unit) located in PGCIL/SEB Headquarters.

13. Communication media
PLCC at 300/600/1200 bauds
Microwave
Optical Fiber

14. Remote Terminal Unit
S900

15. S900 RTU Main Features
Powerful processing
Distributed architecture (hardware and software)
Compliance with international standards
Modularity
Flexibility

16. Data Acquisition Time Tagging Main Functions
Digital inputs including SOE
Analogs inputs
Pulse counts
Digital outputs (controls)
Tap changer positions
Time Tagging
1 ms internal time tagging
Synchronization by control center

17. Local faults archiving Main faults detected are:
Main functions
Communication
IEC protocol
Single channel/Dual channels
Local faults archiving
Main faults detected are:
Communication faults
Board faults
Synchronization faults

18. S900 RTU Typical Architecture
Control
Center
Field Bus
Distributed Racks
Main Rack
S 900
DB Configurator
GDB 900
Simulator
SIM 900
I /O
I /O

19. Software Architecture Energy Management Platform
EMPTM

20. Advanced Energy Management Systems
EMPTM Flexible solution
Advanced Energy Management Systems
RSCC
SLDC
SCADA
Sub-LDC
CPCC
Dispatcher Training Simulator
APPLICATIONS
USER INTERFACE
UTILITIES
HABITAT
DTS
Network
Generation
SCADA

21. Integrated software environment
EMPTM Habitat®
Habitat provides the Real Time Control System environment
Utilizes Digital's RISC 64 bit systems: AlphaGenerationTM
Integrated software environment
Database Management
Application development environment
standardization & modularity
parallel executions
access control
coordinated task scheduling
Application
Manager
Database
Modeling
HABITAT
Process
Manager
Permit
Manager

22. A complete set of utilities provide the services needed for an EMS
EMPTM Utilities
A complete set of utilities provide the services needed for an EMS
Communication software
Alarm processing
Historical data management and report
System configuration management
Switchover management
Inter Site Data Exchange
HABConnect: Access to the database from off-the-shelf PC applications (DDE & ActiveX controls)
NETIO
ALARM
HDR
BACKUP
UTILITIES
HABITAT
ISD
CFGMAN

23. Rapport-FG is Alstom’s full graphics display package:
EMPTMUser Interface: Rapport-FG
Rapport-FG is Alstom’s full graphics display package:
X Windows/Motif compliant
Multi-screen, multi-windows “Rooms”
Large one-line diagram format
Tabular displays
Fully customizable dialogs (Popups & Menu bars)
Import of DXF files
Efficient zooming/decluttering /panning
Navigation Window
X/MOTIF
USER INTERFACE
UTILITIES
MS-WINDOWS
HABITAT

24. SCADA provides the real-time information needed by the operator to
EMPTM SCADA (1)
SCADA provides the real-time information needed by the operator to
have a comprehensive knowledge of its network every time
Data acquisition
Analog, Status, Accumulator Processing
Limit Checking/Replacement
Calculations
Supervisory Control; grouped controls, control interlocks
Load shedding with priority lists
Tagging
Sequence of event
Topology Processing
Network
SCADA
DTS
APPLICATIONS
USER INTERFACE
UTILITIES
HABITAT
Generation

25. Data Acquisition from RTUs is distributed among 2 processes:
EMPTM SCADA (2)
Data Acquisition from RTUs is distributed among 2 processes:
TFE running in the host or separated server
CFE running in a VME chassis
Collection of standard (IEC 870-5) and proprietary protocols
Different protocols may be run on each line
Connection with EMP SCADA sites via Inter Site Data Exchange (ISD)
Connection with other sites via ICCP
Network
SCADA
DTS
APPLICATIONS
USER INTERFACE
UTILITIES
HABITAT
Generation

26. Energy Management System
Network Application
Generation Application
Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS)
Network
SCADA
DTS
APPLICATIONS
Generation

27. State Estimator (RTNET) Contingency Analysis (CA)
Network Application
State Estimator (RTNET)
Contingency Analysis (CA)
Security Enhancement (SENH)
Power Flow (PWRFLOW)
Optimal Power Flow (OPF)
Network
SCADA
DTS
APPLICATIONS
Generation

28. RTNET
The real time state estimator is the first application in the on-line network application sequence.
The Purpose is to estimate the present electrical operating topology and state of the network.
The state estimator determines the voltage at each modeled bus and the power flowing in each modeled components.
The topology and state determined by RTNET are presented to operators who monitor the network and also provide basis for further network analysis function.

29. Contingency Analysis (CA)
The contingency Analysis application is used to study potential components changes (contingencies) on the power system.
The set of changes that can be analysed include AC line, transformers, bus, station, breaker and generator outage.
CA informs the user of contingencies that could cause conditions violating operating limits.
Alarm generation is supported within real time interface.
CA operates in real time environment as well as in the study mode.

30. Security Enhancement
Security enhancement assists the utility in achieving the optimal balance between security, costs and other operational considerations.
The assistance is provided by a set of solutions. By reviewing the results of these solutions, the utility will obtain additional information enhancing their ability to operate the system in an optimal manner.
In the real time environment security enhancement operates on the result obtained by state estimator.
The application can be used in both the real time as well as stand alone environment.

31. Optimal Power Flow (OPF)
The purpose of the optimal power flow function is to determine recommendations for power system controls that causes improvements in the state of the power system.
OPF can recommend controls that can eliminate or minimize power system limit violations.
Although OPF is designed to support the real time concerns, it is integrated into system as a study/analysis tool.

32. Real Time Network Analysis Function

33. Execution Trigger
The triggering logic is controlled by another task (on-line network sequence OLNETSEQ) and RTNET is executed when requested by this task.
RTNET can be triggered to execute over a variety of conditions. The potential triggers are :
Periodic (every 10 minutes periodically execution of State estimator, Contingency Analysis and Security enhancement.)
SCADA informs to OLNETSEQ whenever there is a change in device status. OLNETSEQ triggers the execution if it is required.
Manual request
By RTGEN. If the difference of the computed tie-line sum by AGC with the recorded value is more than the user specified tolerance limit it is concluded by RTGEN that the system has moved and network analysis (RTNET) is triggered.

34. Generation Application
RTGEN is the real time Generation application of the EMP system. It allows the dispatcher to monitor, analyze and control real time generation within an operating area.
The principal function within RTGEN is the Automatic Generation Control (AGC).
Network
SCADA
DTS
APPLICATIONS
Generation

35. Automatic Generation Control
The AGC function automatically controls the generation at minimum cost within the following constraints :
Area Load/Generation reserve
Scheduled MW transaction with neighbors
Scheduled frequency and time error
Generation unit restrictions (unit limits)
AGC performance criterion

36. Real Time Generation Function Overview

37. Supporting Functions
AGC is supported by following functions:
The economic Dispatch (ED)
He Production costing function (PC)
The Reserve Monitor Function (RM)
The Transaction Scheduling Function
The Unit scheduling function
The Fuel cost scheduling function
Midnight Purge function
The external Unit scheduling function
The historical loss model update
Pond Monitor function

38. Supporting Functions(Cont.)
The economic dispatch function allows the dispatcher to determine economic base points for a selected set of units. AGC controls units to operate at these economic base points.
The power costing function allows the dispatcher to monitor the current area generation production cost.
The Reserve Monitor function allows the dispatcher to monitor the amount and type of spare generation that is available in the operating area. Alarms are issued when the area’ generation reserve drops below its required level.

39. Supporting Functions(Cont.)
The Transaction scheduling function allows the dispatcher to schedule power sales and purchases with neighboring utilities. AGC uses this information to determine the desired net interchange on the tie-lines.

40. Supporting Functions(Cont.)
Unit scheduling function allows the dispatcher to define base points, deration schedule and fuel schedules. AGC uses base point schedules to control generation to the specified levels. Deration schedules are used by AGC to effectively restrict unit capacities. Fuel mix schedules are used by ED to determine the cost of generations.

41. Supporting Functions(Cont.)
Fuel Cost schedule function allows the dispatcher to define the cost and efficiency for each fuel type in the system. Used by ED to determine the cost of generation.
Midnight purge function is used to purge RTGEN schedules which have been expired a certain number of days, typically 3 days. The purging will either delete the schedules completely or copy them into a historical database.

42. Supporting Functions(Cont.)
External Unit Scheduling function allows the dispatcher to model external operating areas and use the model to estimate the probable operating levels of units in those areas.
Historical loss model update maintains an up-to-date set of units and areas transmission loss sensitivity for different levels of load and interchange.

43. Supporting Functions(Cont.)
Pond Monitor Functions maintains reservoir status and its elevation data. These data are passed to planning function (Hydro thermal coordination).

44. Interfaces
SCADA scans the power system and provides RTGEN with data about devices in the field. RTGEN sends control signals through SCADA to plant control signals (PLCs) in order to modify the generation output.
It also sends the current operational information to network functions and receives loss and network security information from them.

45. DTS – Functional Overview

46. Dispatcher Training Simulator
The primary objective of the DTS is to provide a tool for training system dispatchers. The DTS function resides in the energy control center but it is isolated from all the real-time Energy Management System activities.
The DTS is executed in its own environment and therefore, operations in the DTS have absolutely no impact the real-time functions.

47. Elements of DTS
DTS Control This function consists of the control of the DTS which is typically performed by the instructor.
Event Scheduler provides simulation control by simulating predefined events to be implemented during a training session.

48. Elements of DTS(Cont.)
Model construction and Initialization consists of the process of building of various models that are needed for proper simulation of the power system – SCADA, network and generation model.
Energy Control System simulates the normal EMS functions in DTS. This is the only part of the system with which trainees interact.
Power system Dynamic simulation simulates the dynamic behavior of power system. The prime mover dynamics and relays are modeled to behave in the same way as the actual devices in the field.

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