3. Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

4. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

5. Sumerians

6. Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki Innana Anthropomorphic Gods

7. Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World”

8. Sumerian Wheel Used first for pottery making and later for transportation A technological advancement

9. Building Techniques Arches and Domes were first invented by the Sumerians

10. Mathematics They had a number system based on 60 120 was 2 x 60 and so on They divided the circle up into 360 degrees (6x60) Each degree = 60 minutes Each minute = 60 seconds The Sumerians were the 1 st people to invent the wheel

11. Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

12. Cuneiform Writing

13. Deciphering Cuneiform

14. Sumerian Scribes “Tablet House”

15. Sumerian Cylinder Seals

16. Gilgamesh

17. Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story

18. Ziggurat at Ur  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”

19. The Royal Standard of Ur

20. Mesopotamian Harp

21. Board Game From Ur

22. Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills at Ur

23. Sargon of Akkad: The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]

24. The Babylonian Empires

25. Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code

26. Hammurabi, the Judge

27. Babylonian Math

28. Babylonian Numbers