1. Beware of the Farmers… Chapter 13, Section 1 Notes

2. Agricultural Revolution Before the 1600s, most European villagers worked their own land to grow food for their families Before the 1600s, most European villagers worked their own land to grow food for their families Individuals used common public land for grazing animals too Individuals used common public land for grazing animals too Then the enclosure movement happened… Then the enclosure movement happened…

3. More Revolution with Plants Smaller landholding were being combined into more efficient, larger holdings Smaller landholding were being combined into more efficient, larger holdings Starts 1500s  takes off 1700s  reaches its height in 1800s in Great Britain Starts 1500s  takes off 1700s  reaches its height in 1800s in Great Britain Wealthy landowners benefited Wealthy landowners benefited Small landowners lost Small landowners lost Why? Why? Answer: Needed $ to buy bigger farms Answer: Needed $ to buy bigger farms

4. More Revolution with Plants Large landowners have more freedom to try new farming methods Large landowners have more freedom to try new farming methods Jethro Tull and his seed drill Jethro Tull and his seed drill Seeds planted in straight rows Seeds planted in straight rows Charles Townshend figures out the wonders of crop rotation Charles Townshend figures out the wonders of crop rotation Iron Plows replace wooden ones Iron Plows replace wooden ones Jethro Wood puts a “respectable” blade on the plow Jethro Wood puts a “respectable” blade on the plow No longer need to buy a new plow, just new blade No longer need to buy a new plow, just new blade

5. We’ll Fight Back with the Assembly Line! Small landowners can’t afford big farms Small landowners can’t afford big farms What are their options? What are their options? Either pay rent to other landowners to use the farm (called tenant farmers) Either pay rent to other landowners to use the farm (called tenant farmers) Or move…where? Or move…where? Answer: To the city Answer: To the city The Industrial Revolution begins The Industrial Revolution begins

6. Factors of Production The factors of production are land, labor, and capital The factors of production are land, labor, and capital Land: all natural resources Land: all natural resources England: coal and iron ore England: coal and iron ore Labor: Workers Labor: Workers Capital: tools, machinery, equipment, and inventory used in production Capital: tools, machinery, equipment, and inventory used in production Also includes $ used to invest in new businesses Also includes $ used to invest in new businesses

7. What’s a Textile? A textile is any kind of woven, knitted, knotted, or tufted cloth or non-woven fabric A textile is any kind of woven, knitted, knotted, or tufted cloth or non-woven fabric Textiles, Transportation related things, and Communication related things are part of the Industrial Revolution Textiles, Transportation related things, and Communication related things are part of the Industrial Revolution

8. Important People of the Revolution Think: our chart Think: our chart Jethro Tull Jethro Tull Eli Whitney Eli Whitney James Watt James Watt Samuel Morse Samuel Morse Richard Arkwright Richard Arkwright Henry Bessemer Henry Bessemer

9. “I Won’t Always Be Here to Iron This!” No, turning iron into steel No, turning iron into steel The Bessemer process was created separately, at the same time, by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly The Bessemer process was created separately, at the same time, by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly Air was injected into molten pig iron, to blast out carbon and other impurities Air was injected into molten pig iron, to blast out carbon and other impurities During this process, the temperature went up and iron turned into steel During this process, the temperature went up and iron turned into steel

10. Other Innovations Vulcanization: The ability to make rubber less sticky Vulcanization: The ability to make rubber less sticky Canals: Were dug to link rivers Canals: Were dug to link rivers Steam Engine: Speed transportation in land and water Steam Engine: Speed transportation in land and water Steamboats: Transport goods all over the world cheaply and quickly Steamboats: Transport goods all over the world cheaply and quickly Battery: 1800, you know what a battery does Battery: 1800, you know what a battery does Magnetism: 1820s by Andre Ampere Magnetism: 1820s by Andre Ampere Morse Code: 1838 by Morse; a machine clicked a system of dots and dashes translated to the letters of the alphabet Morse Code: 1838 by Morse; a machine clicked a system of dots and dashes translated to the letters of the alphabet Telegraph: 1844 based on Morse code, allowed people to communicate across continents Telegraph: 1844 based on Morse code, allowed people to communicate across continents