1. What is this?

2. Teosinte grass

3. This slide from: http://gallery4share.com/t/teosinte-grass.html Previous slide from: http://www.gmo-safety.eu/science/maize/337.threat-biological-diversity.html

5. From www.pbs.org, NOVA: The Hippocratic Oath Todaywww.pbs.org Hippocrates

6. Aristotle From en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Aristotle

7. Anton van Leeuwenhoek From http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek.png

8. Carl von Linnè (Linnaeus) From http://linnaeus.sourceforge.net/

9. Jena-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamark (Lamark) From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamark

10. Charles Lyell From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lyell

11. From http://galapagosonline.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/charles-darwin-in-galapagos/ (left)http://galapagosonline.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/charles-darwin-in-galapagos/ From http://www.biography.com/people/charles-darwin-9266433 (right)http://www.biography.com/people/charles-darwin-9266433 Charles Darwin

12. From http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2010/09/http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2010/09/ the-hms-beagle-and-charles-darwin-on-the-shores-of-the-galapagos-islands-picture-essay-of-the-day/ The Beagle

13. Alfred Wallace From http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2013/jan/20/alfred-russel-wallace-forgotten-man-evolution

14. Francis Galton From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton

15. From https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karl_Pearson_2.jpg (left)https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karl_Pearson_2.jpg Karl Pearson From http://apprendre-math.info/anglais/historyDetail.htm?id=Fisher (right)http://apprendre-math.info/anglais/historyDetail.htm?id=Fisher Ronald Fisher English Biometry

16. From http://www.thomasmore.edu/library/mendel_collection.cfm Gregor Mendel

17. Mendel’s pea phenotypes

18. 1866: Ernst Haeckle: Nucleus is the seat of heredity 1880s: August Weissman, Wilheln Roux, Theodor Boveri: Chromosomes contain the hereditary material. 1870s: Walther Flemming, Edouard Van Beneden: Chromosomes identified. Early Cell Biology 1665: Robert Hooke: First cell described 1839 - 1855: Schwann, Virchow et al: Cell theory developed (You do not need to know these names!)

19. Thomas Hunt Morgan From http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html

20. Drosophila Phylogeny From http://insects.eugenes.org/DroSpeGe/

21. Social Darwinism Application of principles of evolution to societies Predates “Origin of Species” (philosophical works by Herbert Spencer and others) Concepts of competition and genetic superiority /inferiority Justified nationalism and colonialism Most extreme example: Nazi philosophy

22. Eugenics Long history in many cultures (infanticide as a form of selection) Plato: state regulated marriage and reproduction Francis Galton: modern concept and term Encourage those with desirable traits to reproduce; discourage those with undesirable traits from reproducing In early days, weakly correlated with political views

23. Two U.S. Examples: 1) Compulsory Sterilization 1907 Indianna By 1950, around half the states Practice varied immensely Buck v Bell 2) Immigration restriction Initially US had almost unrestricted immigration 1870s onward: restrictions on Asian immigrants Early 1900s: restrictions on indigents, unhealthy 1920s: restrictions based on nationality

24. Charles Davenport From http://www.dnaftb.org/14/gallery.html

25. Carrie Buck From http://saintleoinkblot.com/2012/05/02/today-in-the-history-of-psychology-52/carrie-buck-2/

26. Harry Hamilton Laughlin From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_H._Laughlin

27. From http://natgeotv.com/asia/historys-secrets/galleries/the-hunt-for-hitler/2 Adolph Hitler

28. Nazi Social Darwinism and Eugenics 1920: Racial superiority/inferiority present at its origin 1925: Mein Kampf 1933: Hitler elected as Chancellor 1933 on: Series of laws on Racial classification Job and marriage restrictions Compulsory sterilization 1939: Invasion of Poland 1939: Euthanasia program 1941: Invasion of Soviet Union Large scale genocide 1942: Official plans for “the final solution” Wannsee conference  death camps

29. From http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lysenko_evil_eyes.jpg Trofim Lysenko

30. Lysenkoism 1930s: poor harvests in Soviet Union Lysenko promised quick and radical solutions Genetics = “capitalistic Mendelian-Morgonian science” Theory based on Marxist principles (dialectical materialism) Vernalization Appointed head of Soviet agriculture Purge of geneticists Great harm to Soviet agriculture Influenced waned after Stalin’s death (1953)

31. From Grant, P.R. & Grant, B.R. (2002). Science. 296: 707-711