1. BIOS

2. Accessing System BIOS You can use the System Setup utility to change variable BIOS information, such as the type of hard drive you have installed on your system. You can access the System Setup utility when you boot the computer. Just follow the on- screen instructions when you first power up.

3. Function of the System BIOS The BIOS determines how the various devices in the PC and the CPU communicate. The system BIOS is saved on a special chip on the motherboard called the flash BIOS chip. BIOS stored in the flash ROM can be updated. Updating enables a motherboard to access new technologies that it was not originally designed to support.

4. Three primary functions of BIOS Boots the computer Verifies the information provided o Internal and peripheral devices connected to the computer Serves as the interface o Between the hardware and software

5. BIOS Manufacturers Award AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.) Phoenix o 80 percent of all Intel motherboards o Award was bought by Phoenix (1998)

6. BIOS in Action The instructions used to start up a PC and load the operating system Boot sequence or booting the computer o The process of starting the PC Boot means “pulling one’s self up by one’s own bootstrap” or being able to start up by itself

7. Types of BIOS Chips ROM (read only memory) o Type of memory that cannot be altered o Non-volatile o Commonly called ROM BIOS PROM (programmable read only memory) o Blank ROM that must be programmed with data you want it to store o Using a ROM burner or ROM programmer EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory) o Data can be erased and reprogrammed EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable read only memory) o Somewhat similar to EPROM but it doesn’t need to be removed from the board o Updating the BIOS EERPOM is called flashing o Commonly called Flash ROM

8. Types of BIOS Chips CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) o Aka NVRAM (non volatile RAM) o Powered by lithium battery or dry cell Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) o is a specification that defines a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware o meant to replace the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) firmware interface, originally present in all IBM PC-compatible personal computers o In practice, most UEFI images provide legacy support for BIOS services. UEFI can support remote diagnostics and repair of computers, even without another operating system o The original EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) specification was developed by Intel.

9. Cold boot vs Warm boot Cold boot o The boot sequence used after the PC is powered on from a powered-off state Warm boot o PC is powered on and reset POST Process POST (Power On Self Test)  Checks all system component and hardware listed in the system setup

10. BIOS beep codes IBM BIOS beep codes

11. BIOS beep codes AMI BIOS beep codes

12. BIOS beep codes Award BIOS beep codes

13. BIOS beep codes Phoenix BIOS beep codes

14. BIOS start-up screen Name of the BIOS manufacturer and the version number of the BIOS Release date or version date of the BIOS Keyboard key used to access the BIOS setup program Logo o BIOS manufacturer, PC manufacturer, motherboard manufacturer Energy star logo Serial number of the BIOS

16. BIOS Access keys