3. Essential Question Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

5. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

6. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

7. Campaigning “ on the Stump ”

8. Why Increased Democratization?  “Universal Manhood Suffrage”  Party nominating committees.  Voter’s choose electors  “Spoils System”  Mudslinging  Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

9. Emergence of “ Modern ” Political Parties  2-party system returns in 1832:  DR’s  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

11. Jackson ’ s First Hermitage Residence

12. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

13. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

15. The “ Common Man ’ s ” Presidential Candidate

16. Campaign Posters

17. Jackson ’ s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

18. Results of the 1824 Election The “ Corrupt Bargain ”

20. Opposition to John Quincy Adams  Political control by elites  Questioned sustainability of democracy  National economic, industrial growth  Belief: strong, active central govt. necessary  A national university (American U.)  An astronomical observatory.  A naval academy (Newport, RI)

23. Tariff Battles  Tariff of 1816  cheap imported textiles  Tariff of 1824  iron & expensive textiles  Tariff of 1828  increases both  Mixed support ; S. opposed  Protect US industry

24. Votes in the House for the “ Tariff of Abomination ”

25. Land & Indian Policies  Quincy Adams:  Land policies favored Indians  Curb land spec.  Support rights of Indians against white settlers  1825  Creek Indians v. GA  Adams: GA treaty is invalid  Congress sided w/GA.  Western outcry!

26. The 1828 Election  Campaign run by Sen. Van Buren (NY)  He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of:  N. farmers/artisans  S. slave owners  Farmers w/ small land  Creates Democratic Party  National Committee  Mass meetings, parades, picnics  Mudslinging

27. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

28. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

29. 1828 Election Results

30. The New “ Jackson Coalition ”  Planters  Frontier settlers  Artisans  State Politicians  spoils system  To the victor belong the spoils…  Immigrants (particularly Irish)

31. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

32. Jackson ’ s Faith in the “ Common Man ” DDistrust of E. “establishment,” monopolies, & “special privileges”. HHeart & soul w/ “plain folk” CCommon man capable of uncommon achievements

33. The Reign of “ King Mob ”

34. Andrew Jackson as President

35. The “ Peggy Eaton Affair ”

37. The Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

38. 1830: Nationalism v. Sectionalism Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

39. Calhoun Ascends the Platform that Leads to Despotism

40. 1832 Tariff Conflict  1832  new tariff  SC reaction  Jackson response  Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff  Martial Law

42. Indian Removal  Jackson’s Goal  1830  Indian Removal Act  Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”  Worcester v. GA (1832)  Jackson: “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”

43. Cherokee Assimilation

46. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

47. Indian Removal

48. The Grand Natl. Caravan Moving West

49. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

51. Jackson ’ s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road Project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

52. The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia] President Jackson

53. Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ NNNNational regulation SSSSupported rapid economic growth SSSStimulate economy LLLLand speculation CCCCredit CCCCoins were real $$ ““““Anything you can bite” BBBBank notes diminished value of $$ SSSSuspicious of speculation

54. The “ Monster ” Is Destroyed!  “Pet Banks”  1832  Jackson veto’s 2 nd Bank charter  1836  charter expires  1841  bank went bankrupt!

55. The Downfall of “ Mother Bank ”

56. The Bank & the 1832 Election  Jackson/Biddle: bill to override veto  “Personal attack” against Jackson  2 nd Bank wants Clay  “The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it!”  Jackson drops Calhoun; runs w/ Van Buren.

57. An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ? An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ?

58. Positions on the Key Issues of 1832 WHIGSWHIGSDEMOCRATSDEMOCRATS  Less concerned about the widening gap between rich and poor.  Opposed “liberal capitalism” because they believed it would lead to economic chaos.  Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical.  Opposes Indian removal.  Favored tariffs.  Supported a National Bank.  Felt the widening gap between rich and poor was alarming.  Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were “non-producers” who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets.  Govt. should have a hands- off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper.  For Indian removal.  Oppose tariffs.  States’ rights.  Oppose federal support for internal improvements.  Opposed the National Bank.

59. 1832 Election Results

60. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

61. The Specie Circular (1836)  Speculators created “wildcat banks” ; fueled runaway inflation  Buy federal land w/ specie ONLY  Move shocked the system  Jackson’s goal  curb land speculation

62. Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value $Land sales plummeted $Credit unavailable $Businesses failed $Unemployment rose The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

63. The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!

64. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

65. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

66. Andrew Jackson c. 1844 1767 - 1845