1. Napoleon Bonaparte

2. Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
born 1769 in Corsica
island off coast of France & Italy
military success
commander by age 26
victories in Italy with speed, deception & surprise
absolutely loved by soldiers
defeated in Egypt by British…returned to France
1799 coup d'état…new government called Consulate
wanted all power for himself
1804 crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I

3. Napoleon Bonaparte Crowned Emperor of France

4. Napoleon’s Domestic Policies
1801 agreement with the Pope
Roman Catholicism: main religion in France
French government kept Church lands seized in Revolution
Napoleonic Code
all citizens equal before law
Representative government, where Napoleon was chosen by plebiscite
property rights protected, with unions & strikes being illegal
women “less equal than men”
meritocracy: gain position(s) based on one’s ability, not birth
liberty replaced by despotism

5. Napoleonic/Civil Code

6. Napoleon Bonaparte: Road to Revelation
Napoleon’s Empire:
3 main parts:
French Empire: France to the Rhine River & western Italy
dependent states: kingdoms under the rule of Napoleon’s relatives
allied states: kingdoms defeated by Napoleon & forced to fight with him
spread Revolution ideas of equality, religious toleration & economic freedom
Napoleon Bonaparte: Road to Revelation

7. Napoleon’s Empire

9. Response by Europe Great Britain
naval supremacy: Battle of Trafalgar, 1805 led by Admiral Nelson
in response, Napoleon started Continental System: European nations forced to boycott British goods
actually good for Great Britain, because they traded with other continents & colonies, while using navy to keep Napoleon Bonaparte stuck on continental Europe
Nationalism: unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, history, national symbols & desire for own government
hatred of French rule…formed national feeling of solidarity
countries saw what nationalism gained for France & wanted that same spirit for themselves

10. Continental System

11. Battle of Trafalgar: 1805

12. The Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte
Russian Campaign 1812: 600,000 soldiers
Russian army retreated, burning land as they left, leaving no food & supplies for French soldiers
Moscow burned…but still no supplies
The Great Retreat: French left in Moscow with freezing conditions, no food & no warm clothes
because of lack of food, cold & disease, less than 90,000 of original 600,000, made it out of Russia
Russian Army followed French army back to Paris…& captured Napoleon Bonaparte!

13. Invasion of Russia

14. The End for Napoleon exiled to Elba (island near Italy)
Louis XVIII restored to throne
escaped & returned to Paris: March 1815
ruled for “Hundred Days”
European countries allied against Napoleon’s return
Battle of Waterloo: June 1815 Napoleon Bonaparte defeated by Duke of Wellington
Napoleon Bonaparte sent to St. Helena (an island in Atlantic Ocean 1200 miles from land)---spent rest of his life there, before death

15. Battle of Waterloo

16. Congress of Vienna
gathering of European officials after Napoleon Bonaparte to restore order & stability
led by Klemens von Metternich of Austria
followed conservative (tradition, no change) policy
distrusted liberal (favoring Enlightenment ideas) policy
put monarchs back on thrones in France, Spain & the kingdoms within Italy, etc.
Principle of Intervention: states/countries could invade another state/country where a revolution is happening, in order to restore order (Great Britain disagreed…)

17. Congress of Vienna

18. Congress of Vienna
People:
Accomplishments:
Congress of Vienna
Goals:

19. Closure #3 1. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
2. How did he gain power in France?
3. What mistake did he make with the Russians?
4. How did Europe respond to him?
5. Why is he significant in European history?