1. URBANIZATION Part 2

2. Americans Migrate to the City  Urban Population grew from 10 million to 30 million.  131 cities with populations of 2500 or more in 1840  1700 cities with populations of 2500 or more by 1900

3. Cities Change  Incentive to build upward rather than outward.  Skyscrapers began to appear  Home Insurance building was the first skyscraper, 10 stories

4. Louis Sullivan  Built Skyscrapers  Lofty structures included simple lines and big windows

5. Mass Transit  Horse car  Railroad cars pulled by horses  Cable cars  Pulled along tracks by underground cables  Elevated Railroad  Chicago  Subway systems  Boston and New York

6. High Society  Built houses to look like castles  Chicago  Potter Palmer built a castle  New York  Cornelius Vanderbilt, $3 million  Two story dining room, a gymnasium and marble bathroom  Many people lived on $500/year  $360,000 on a dance

7. Middle Class Jobs  Doctors  Lawyers  Engineers  Managers  Social Workers  Architects  Teachers

8. The Working Class  Lived in tenements  Crowded apartment buildings with multiple families  3 out of 4 residents lived in tenements in New York  Extra space was rented to boarders to help pay the rent

9. Urban Problems  Crime  Thieves thrives in urban areas due to crowded areas  Alcohol contributed to the increase of violent crimes  Pollution  Improper sewage disposal  Horse manure was left on the streets  Machine Politics  Party bosses took over when the need for government rose because of increased population.