1. Alodine ® EC 2 General Characteristics: Coating based on Ti electrodeposited oxides from the electrically assisted hydrolysis of metal complexes. Coating forms readily on aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys aluminized, aluminum plated and IVD aluminum, and aluminized ferrous substrates. Useful coating thickness is 3-12 μm. Coating provides excellent wear, corrosion and thermal resistance, and engine performance enhancements. Provides an excellent base for paint, adhesives and other coatings. Can be coated with PVD and CVD processes. Alodine ® EC 2 Properties, Performance, Emissions, and Durability Alodine ® EC 2 Physical Properties: Hardness: 600 - 800 vickers (nanoindenter). Surface Roughness: 0.2-0.6 μm Ra. Coefficient of Friction 0.1-0.2 dry. Abrasion resistance: cycles (CS-10 Wheel 10,000 cycles) TWI 1.5 (EN plating is 5-15 TWI). Flexibility: pass 1-2T bend (ASTM D 4145). Impact test equivalent to the best paints (ASTM 2794). Thermal resistance: 600 ºC, 84 hours (no change in adhesion). Stable to thermal cycle of 600 ºC followed by -197°C quench Good bonding base for structural adhesives (3000-5000 psi lap shear depending on the adhesive). 1. Cleaning 2. Water Rinse 3. Rinse D.I. Counter flowed 4. Alodine ® EC 2 (1-3 min.) 5. DI Water Rinse 6. Drying (air dry or force dry) Alodine ® EC 2 Process Cycle: Platinum TiO 2 Coating Substrate TEM Analysis of Alodine ® EC 2 on Aluminum: Top-down view of Alodine ® EC 2 coating Cross sectional view of Alodine ® EC 2 coating Alodine ® EC 2 Corrosion & Adhesion Performance: Aluminum Alloy Neutral Salt Spray (ASTM B117) - Hours Scribe Creep 35620000 606150000 606350000 707510000 505250000 508350000 Clad-202430000 No shot blast Fe/Mo/C composite 3-4 ml. thermal spray Thermal Spray Adhesion: Clean and shot blast Fe/Mo/C composite 3-4 ml. thermal spray Crosshatch/Impact Adhesion: Crosshatch/impact adhesion evaluated after heating to 600 ˚C for 84 hours followed by water quench. Alodine ® EC 2 Chemical Resistance: Boiling (230-270°F) ethylene glycol and water (30-70% ) mixtures for 3 weeks showed no effect. 10% H 2 SO 4 for 2 days - no adhesion loss. 10% CH 3 COOH for 30 days - no visible effect. Hot and cold solvent borne paint strippers do not attack ceramic layer. Typical Applications : Engine heads, pistons, and intake. Cylinder liners. Water pumps, turbochargers, EGR, and other engine components. Brake components. Aluminum structural components. Stainless steel replacement. Fuel cells and battery applications. Alodine ® EC 2 Engine Emissions Testing: Alodine ® EC 2 Engine Intake Testing: Substrate Maximum Horsepower Maximum Torque Coated with Alodine ® EC 2 337.35340.92 Uncoated:326.00330.00 Improvement> 3% Engine Enhancements : No damage. Significant reduction in carbon residues. Over 90% improvement in durability. Conclusions : Coating delivers a more durable piston coating and much simpler coating process. Coating allows more flexibility in ECM settings because of enhanced temperature stability and emissions reductions with resultant improvements in fuel economy. Coating reduces emissions when head and piston and/or exhaust manifold are coated with Alodine ® EC 2. Alodine ® EC 2 coating greatly enhances emissions 21-28% for CO, HC and NOx. Coating an intake with Alodine ® EC 2 improved engine horsepower and torque (3-10% depending on RPM).