1. Epidemiology Types and Frequency of Injuries

2. Topics… What is epidemiology? Why research sports injury? Injury surveillance systems Injury risk factors

3. Definition

4. Sports Medicine Epidemiology Quantifying occurrence Who is affected Where and when Outcome? Purpose

5. Sports Medicine Epidemiology Descriptive Analytical

6. Useful information Equipment design Rules Conditioning programs Reduce risk factors Identify health care needs

7. Historical perspective Hospital emergency rooms Health care agencies Retrospective data Longitudinal studies

8. Injury Surveillance Systems Geographical regions/levels Reportable injuries? Population

9. Injury Surveillance Systems NAIRS NCAA NATA NYSSF CIRCL National Football Head & Neck Injury Registry National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research

10. Injury Surveillance Number of participants Injured but continued Injured unable to continue (Injured not reported)

11. Reportable Injuries Result of participation in organized practice or game Requires medical attention Restriction of athlete’s participation or performance

12. Exposure – Unit of Risk One athlete participating in one practice or contest….. Exposed to the possibility of athletic injury A-E

13. Injury Rate Ratio of injuries to exposures Injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures See data: 2007 – 2008 Sports Medicine Handbook

14. NCAA Injury Data

15. Risk Factors Intrinsic – Age/development – Gender specific – Psychological – Medical conditions

16. Risk Factors - Growth Skeletal maturity – Growth plate injuries – Osgood-Schlatter Disease – Spondylolysis – Osteochondritis dissecans

17. Growth plate injuries

18. Osgood-Schlatter Disease

19. Spondylolysis

20. Osteochondritis dissecans

21. Risk Factors - Growth Disqualifying conditions – Legg-Calve Perthes Disease/SCFE – Osteoid osteoma

22. Legg-Calve-Perthes

23. Risk Factors - Gender Amenorrhea Premature bone loss Eating disorders

24. Risk Factors - Psychological Parental pressure Emotional stress Physical leads to psychological

25. Risk Factors – Medical Conditions Scoliosis Leg length difference Epilepsy Diabetes Asthma/EIA

26. Risk Factors – Medical Conditions Marfan syndrome Heart conditions Absence of paired organ Communicable diseases

27. Next time…. PPE’s