1. 1 Presented by the Wood Truss Council of America

2. Permanent Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses

3. 3 Overview of the Truss Industry  Metal connector plate invented 1952

4. 4 Overview of the Truss Industry  Metal connector plate invented 1952

5. 5 Overview of the Truss Industry  Industry evolved

6. 6 Overview of the Truss Industry  Now $8 billion industry in the US  World wide market

7. 7 Overview of the Truss Industry  Components for roofs, floors and walls

8. 8 Residential

9. 9 Residential

10. 10 Multi-Family USDA Forest Products Lab

11. 11 Wood American Forest & Paper Association  90% of residential framing

12. 12 3.9 Wood Trusses  Heavy timber truss  bolt or split ring connected  Plywood gusset truss  Post WW-II construction  Metal truss plate invented in 50’s  Today major EWP component  Residential 62%, Multifamily 64% roof market share  Residential 15%, Multifamily 26% floor market share

13. 13 3.9 Wood Truss Standards  National Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Construction ANSI/TPI 1 – 1995  National Standard and Recommended Guidelines on Responsibilities for Construction Using Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses ANSI/TPI/WTCA 4 - 2002

14. 14 3.9 Metal Connector Plates

15. 15 3.9 Connector Plate Testing  Develop proprietary plate values

16. 16 3.9 Full Scale Truss Testing  Verification of Design Methodology

17. 17 3.9 Truss Design Process

18. 18 3.9 Truss Layout Program

19. 19 3.9 Truss Layout Program

20. 20 3.9 Truss Layout Program

21. 21 3.9 Truss Placement Plans

22. 22 3.9 Truss Analysis Program

23. 23 3.9 Truss Applications

24. 24 3.9 Truss Floors

25. 25 3.9 Truss Floors

26. 3.9 Truss Roofs

29. 29 3.9 Truss Roofs

31. 31 3.9 Truss Job Site Package  Truss design drawings

32. 32 3.9 Truss Job Site Package  Truss placement plan

33. 33 3.9 Truss Job Site Package  Handling, Installing & Bracing Guidelines

34. 34 3.9 Truss Job Site Package  Handling, Installing & Bracing Guidelines

35. 35 3.9 Truss Job Site Package  Handling, Installing & Bracing Guidelines

36. 36 3.9 Truss Job Site Package  Hanger details

37. 37 3.9 Truss Long Term Storage  Blocking to keep trusses off the ground

38. 38 3.9 Truss Storage Conditions

39. 39 < 6 inches 3.9 Truss Handling

40. 40 3.9 Truss Handling  Short Span < 30 ft

41. 41 3.9 Truss Handling  Short Span

42. 42 3.9 Truss Handling  Handling Medium Span < 60 ft

43. 43 3.9 Truss Handling  Medium Span

44. 44 3.9 Truss Handling  Handling Long Span > 60 ft

45. 45 3.9 Truss Handling  Long Span

46. 46 3.9 Truss Ground Bracing  Substantial bracing for first truss

47. 47 3.9 Truss Bracing  Lateral and Diagonal

48. 48 3.9 Truss Bracing  Short Pieces & Diagonal Bracing

49. 49 3.9 Truss Bracing  Sheathe Early & Often

50. 50 3.9 Truss Bracing  Pre-Assemble & Lift-in-place

51. 51 3.9 Truss Bracing  Results of Bad Bracing

52. 52 3.9 Truss Bracing  Results of Bad Bracing

53. 53 3.9 Truss Bracing  Results of Bad Bracing

54. 54 3.9 Truss Bracing  Results of Bad Bracing

55. 55 3.9 Truss Bracing  Results of Bad Bracing

56. 56 3.9 Permanent Bracing Bottom Chord Plane Top Chord Plane Web Plane

57. 57 3.9 Top Chord Bracing

58. 58 3.9 Bottom Chord Bracing

59. 59 3.9 Bottom Chord Bracing

60. 60 3.9 Web Plane Bracing

61. 61 3.9 Web Permanent Bracing Compression Web Bracing

62. 62 3.9 Web Buckling

63. 63 3.9 Web Bracing

64. 64 3.9 Web Reinforcement BRACE WEB T-BRACE

65. 65 3.9 Construction Loads

66. 66 3.9 Construction Loads  Never Stack Materials on Unbraced or Inadequately Braced Trusses

67. 67 3.9 Construction Loads  Never Stack an Unreasonable Amount of Material on the Trusses

68. 68 3.9 Construction Loads  Loads with No Bracing

69. 69 3.9 Construction Loads  Dangers of Overloading

70. 70 Contents 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

71. 71 1.1 Guideline Document Commentary for Permanent Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses by John Meeks, P.E.

72. 72 1.2 Loads in Plane

73. 73 1.3 Lateral Loads WIND SEISMIC LOAD

74. 74 1.4 Truss System Bracing

75. 75 1.5 Truss Placement Plan

76. 76 1.0 Quiz

77. 77 2.0 Design Responsibilities 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

78. 2.1 Design Responsibilities Section 2.2 for Building Designer Responsibilities

79. 79 2.1 Design Responsibilities  ANSI/TPI/WTCA 4-2002

80. 80 2.2 Truss Designer

81. 81 2.2 Component Design

82. 82 2.2 Truss-to-Truss Connections

83. 83 2.2 Permanent Web Bracing

84. 84 2.2 Truss Submittal

85. 85 2.3 Building Designer

86. 86 2.3 Brace Design

87. 87 2.3 Brace Load Transfer

88. 88 2.3 Lateral Load Transfer

89. 89 2.3 Ceiling Diaphragm

90. 90 2.3 Roof Diaphragm

91. 91 2.4 Truss-to-Girder Figure 1 from the Commentary

92. 92 2.4 Truss-to-Bearing Figure 1 from the Commentary

93. 93 2.0 Quiz

94. 94 3.0 Design Information 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

95. 95 3.1 Truss Design Info

96. 96 3.2 Bearing Info

97. 97 3.3 Axial Forces

98. 98 3.0 Quiz

99. 99 4.0 Special Conditions 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

100. 100 4.0 Special Conditions  System Bracing and Special Conditions on p.8

101. 101 4.1 Horizontal Truss Figure 2 from the Commentary WIND

102. 102 4.1 Horizontal Truss Figure 2 from the Commentary

103. 103 4.2 Gable End Frame

104. 104 4.2 Structural Gable End

105. 105 4.3 Gable End Brace Location

106. 106 Figure 3 from the Commentary 4.4 Gable End Brace Design Full depth Mid-depth

107. 107 4.5 Reinforcement

108. 108 Scab Reinforcement Reinforcement WEB Reinforcement WEB T-Reinforcement 4.5 Reinforcement Options Figure 4 Modified from the Commentary WEB L-Reinforcement Reinforcement Specially Designed Metal Reinforcement WEB Metal Reinforcement

109. 109 4.0 Quiz

110. 110 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

111. 111 5.1 Permanent Web Bracing

112. 112 5.1 Location of Web Brace

113. 113 5.1 Location of Web Brace

114. 114 5.1 Diagonal Braces

115. 115 5.1 Info on Diagonal Braces

116. 116 5.2 Two Percent Rule

117. 117 5.3 Spacing of Diagonal Bracing Procedure detailed in DSB-89: Recommended Design Specification for Temporary Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses Figure 5 from the Commentary

118. 118 5.4 Bracing Minimums

119. 119 5.5 Maximum L/d Ratio

120. 120 5.6 System Sway HORIZONTAL FORCE

121. 121 5.7 Sway Bracing < 4' oc Figure 6a from the Commentary

122. 122 5.7 Sway Bracing Locations

123. 123 5.7 Sway Bracing > 4' oc Figure 6b from the Commentary

124. 124 5.0 Quiz

125. 125 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

126. 126 6.0 Top Chord Bracing

127. 127 6.1 Multi-piece Truss

128. 128 6.1 Piggyback Assembly Supporting or Carrying Truss Supported or Cap Truss

129. 129 6.1 Supporting Truss Top Chord spacing CLBs thickness

130. 130 6.1 Supporting Truss Bracing Figure 7 from the Commentary

131. 131 6.1 Bracing Options

132. 132 6.2 Top Chord Extensions Structural Top Chord Extensions Figure 8a from the Commentary

133. 133 6.3 Top Chord Filler Figure 8b from the Commentary Filler

134. 134 6.4 Bottom Chord Filler Figure 9 from the Commentary Filler Bracing

135. 135 6.5 Filler for Roof Slope Figure 10 from the Commentary Slope

136. 136 6.5 Blocking for Top Chord

137. 137 6.6 Valley Sets

138. 138 6.6 Valley Framing

139. 139 6.6 Valley Framing

140. 140 6.7 Hip Trusses

141. 141 6.7 Hip Truss Bracing Figure 12 from the Commentary Locations of CLBs

142. 142 6.8 Mono Pitch Trusses LOAD Figure 13 from the Commentary

143. 143 6.9 Top Chord Sheathing

144. 144 6.10 Top Chord Purlins

145. 145 6.10 Purlin Options Figure 14 from the Commentary

146. 146 6.11 Roof Diaphragm Figure 15a from the Commentary

147. 147 6.11 Roof Diaphragm Figure 15b from the Commentary

148. 148 6.0 Quiz

149. 149 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

150. 150 7.1 Bottom Chord Sheathing

151. 151 7.2 Bracing also Required? Figure 16 from the Commentary Diagonal Bracing Continuous Lateral Bracing

152. 152 7.3 Bracing Locations Diagonal Bracing Figure 16 from the Commentary

153. 153 7.4 Special BC Bracing Cantilever

154. 154 7.4 Special BC Bracing Multiple Bearing

155. 155 7.4 Special BC Bracing Wind Uplift

156. 156 7.5 Floor Truss Bracing  Strongback bridging  Deflection criteria above L/360  Deeper truss, Length/Depth=20 or less Figure 17 from the Commentary

157. 157 7.0 Quiz

158. 158 8.0 Summary 1.0 Purpose of Bracing 2.0 Design Responsibilities 3.0 Design Information 4.0 Special Conditions 5.0 Diagonal Bracing 6.0 Top Chord Bracing 7.0 Bottom Chord Bracing 8.0 Summary

159. 159 8.1 Truss Member Bracing

160. 160 8.2 Truss Designer  Specifies web bracing location only

161. 161 8.3 Building Designer  Designs bracing system

162. 162 8.4 Bracing Design  Up to 4 ft o.c.  2x_ stress rated material  Fasten with min. 2-16d common nails

163. 163 8.5 Wide On Center Spacing

164. 164 8.6 CLB Overlap

165. 165 8.7 Floor Assemblies  Strongbacks and ribbon band 10 ft o.c.

166. 166 8.0 Quiz

167. 167 WTCA is the Information Source

168. 168 Structural Building Components Magazine

169. 169 www.woodtruss.com

170. 170 WTCA Homepage

171. 171 ™ Wood Truss Council of America Email wtca@woodtruss.comwtca@woodtruss.com Phone 608-274-4849