1. The Integumentary System5
The Integumentary System

2. Identify B Apocrine duct Sweat pore (or Pore of sweat gland)
Apocrine sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) duct 10

3. Identify- E Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

4. Identify- D Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

5. Identify- G Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

6. Identify- E 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

7. Identify- D Stratum spinosum Statum basale Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 10

8. Identify- A Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

9. Identify- B
Dermis
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous layer
Epidermis 10

10. Identify G/H 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

11. Identify C Apocrine duct Sweat pore (or Pore of sweat gland)
Apocrine sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) duct 10

12. Identify- M 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

13. Identify- C
Dermis
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous layer
Epidermis 10

14. Identify- C Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

15. The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the ________.
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum 10

16. Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane? (top to bottom)
epidermis, hypodermis, dermis
dermis, epidermis, hypodermis
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
hypodermis, epidermis, dermis
, dermis, hypodermis, dermis 10

17. Identify- F Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

18. Identify- C Stratum spinosum Statum basale Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 10

19. Identify G Apocrine duct Sweat pore (or Pore of sweat gland)
Apocrine sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) duct 10

20. Identify- K 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

21. A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________.
increases blood flow in the dermis
stimulates the synthesis of pigments in the eye
constricts blood vessels in the dermis
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
adjusts overall gland secretion rates in the body 10

22. The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the
stratum corneum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum basale.
stratum granulosum.
stratum spinosum. 10

23. Identify- F 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

24. Identify A Apocrine duct Sweat pore (or Pore of sweat gland)
Apocrine sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) duct 10

25. Functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature.
producing antibodies.
breaking down tissue.
making digestive enzymes.
releasing large amounts of hormones. 10

26. Identify- B Hair matrix Connective tissue sheath Hair shaft
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Hair root
Hair papilla 10

27. The protein that contributes to many of the skin's strength and protective qualities is called ________.
melanin
keratin
carotene
dermicidin
hemoglobin 10

28. Thick skin can be found on the
back.
palms.
legs.
arms.
chest. 10

29. Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.
malformation
melanocyte activity
carotene production
ultraviolet radiation
keratin production 10

30. Identify- E Stratum spinosum Statum basale Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 10

31. Identify D Apocrine duct Sweat pore (or Pore of sweat gland)
Apocrine sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) sweat gland
Merocrine (or Eccrine) duct 10

32. Identify- B (only in thick skin)
Stratum spinosum
Statum basale
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 10

33. The skin is also called the ________ membrane.
serous
mucous
synovial
cutaneous
peritoneal 10

34. Identify- J 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

35. Identify- Q 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

36. The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.
biliverdin
hemoglobin
carotene
melanin
bilirubin 10

37. Identify- D 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

38. Identify- a
Dermis
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous layer
Epidermis 10

39. As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, the cells will
divide.
die.
increase nutrient supplies.
enter the dermis.
produce daughter cells. 10

40. In albinism, the brown, brown-yellow, or black pigment called________ is lacking.
melanin
keratin
carotene
keratinocytes
collagen 10

41. Identify- L 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

42. Thin skin and thick skin is in reference to the
dermis.
epidermis.
hypodermis.
subcutaneous layer.
papillary layer 10

43. Identify- I 10 Hair follicle Fat Hair shaft
Touch and pressure receptor
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland duct
Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Nerve fibers
Artery/vein- cutaneous plexus
Pore of sweat gland duct 10

44. The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production.
melanin
keratinocyte
hemoglobin
keratin
melanocyte 10

45. When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
decreasing melanin production.
losing oxygen to surrounding tissues.
constricting blood vessels, which is why skin turns pale or bluish
dilating blood vessels, which is why skin turns reddish
increasing keratin production. 10

46. When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis
The blood supply to the skin increases.
The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.
Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.
The blood supply to the skin decreases as blood vessels constrict
Increased heat causes the skin to turn red. 10

47. The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)
first-degree burn.
second-degree burn.
third-degree burn.
partial-thickness burn.
semi-partial-thickness burn 10

48. The pale crescent area of the nail is called the
nail root.
nail bed.
lunula.
free edge.
cuticle. 10

49. What is the function of melanin?
It provides water-resistant properties to the integument.
It continuously divides to replace cells that are lost or shed at the epithelial surface.
It is required for the normal maintenance of epithelial cells.
It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. 10

50. Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?
hair root
cuticle of the hair
medulla of the hair
cortex of the hair
hair matrix 10

51. Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
melanoma
cyanosis
squamous cell carcinoma
albinism
basal cell carcinoma 10

52. Shafts of hair are comprised of
blood
smooth muscle
keratinized fat cells.
living epidermal cells.
dead keratinized epidermal cells. 10

53. The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.
germinative
reticular
subcutaneous
papillary
corneal 10

54. The reticular layer's collagen fibers directly provide which function?
helps prevent damage to the tissue
nourishment
decrease in immunity
provide sensory information
increase in immunity 10

55. The loose connective tissue below the dermis that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the
epidermis or dermis.
epidermis or subcutaneous layer.
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.
integument or dermis.
epidermis or superficial fascia. 10

56. When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed.
hairs changes color.
sweat is released from sweat glands.
sweating occurs.
the skin changes color 10

57. The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.
ceruminous
mucous
apocrine
sebaceous
merocrine 10

58. Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.
ceruminous
sebaceous
merocrine sweat
mammary 10

59. Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?
conduction
evaporation
convection
radiation
diffusion 10

60. The nail ________ covers the nail bed.
root
body
lunula
cuticle
eponychium 10

61. The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the
body.
bed.
root.
cuticle.
free edge. 10

62. A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
first-degree.
second-degree.
third-degree.
fourth-degree.
full-thickness. 10

63. The dermis is composed largely of ________ tissue.
skeletal muscle
blood
dense irregular connective
smooth muscle
neural 10

64. Identify- A Stratum spinosum Statum basale Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 10

65. Melanocytes reside in which layer of the epidermis?
stratum spinosum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum basale
Answer: d. stratum basale

66. Melanocytes reside in which layer of the epidermis?
stratum spinosum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum basale
Answer: d. stratum basale

67. Eating squash and carrots can turn the skin of lighter individuals orange due to the ingestion of
melanin.
vitamin C.
vitamin A.
carotene.
Answer: d. carotene

68. Eating squash and carrots can turn the skin of lighter individuals orange due to the ingestion of
melanin.
vitamin C.
vitamin A.
carotene.
Answer: d. carotene.

69. Which skin cancer originates in the deepest layer of the epidermis?
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant adenoma
basal cell carcinoma
lymphoma
Answer: c. basal cell carcinoma

70. Which skin cancer originates in the deepest layer of the epidermis?
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant adenoma
basal cell carcinoma
lymphoma
Answer: c. basal cell carcinoma

71. Where would cyanosis be most apparent during a sustained reduction in circulatory supply?
lips and ears
in the popliteal fossae
beneath the nails
lips, ears, and beneath nails
Answer: d. lips, ears, and beneath nails

72. Where would cyanosis be most apparent during a sustained reduction in circulatory supply?
lips and ears
in the popliteal fossae
beneath the nails
lips, ears, and beneath nails
Answer: d. lips, ears, and beneath nails

73. Which of the following organs converts a precursor molecule into calcitriol, a hormone that is essential for calcium and phosphate absorption?
kidneys
liver
adrenals
thyroid
Answer: a. kidneys

74. Which of the following organs converts a precursor molecule into calcitriol, a hormone that is essential for calcium and phosphate absorption?
kidneys
liver
adrenals
thyroid
Answer: a. kidneys

75. Which fiber type extends from the dermis into the superficial papillary layer, as well as into the deeper hypodermis?
elastic fibers
reticular fibers
adipose fibers
collagen fibers
Answer: d. collagen fibers

76. Which fiber type extends from the dermis into the superficial papillary layer, as well as into the deeper hypodermis?
elastic fibers
reticular fibers
adipose fibers
collagen fibers
Answer: d. collagen fibers

77. Subcutaneous injections are made in the
reticular layer of the dermis.
papillary layer of the dermis.
stratum basale of the epidermis.
hypodermis.
Answer: d. hypodermis.

78. Subcutaneous injections are made in the
reticular layer of the dermis.
papillary layer of the dermis.
stratum basale of the epidermis.
hypodermis.
Answer: d. hypodermis.

79. The hypodermis consists of which of the following?
loose connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue
loosely packed epithelial tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
Answer: a. loose connective tissue

80. The hypodermis consists of which of the following?
loose connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue
loosely packed epithelial tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
Answer: a. loose connective tissue

81. Which layer consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue?
stratum basale
reticular layer of the dermis
stratum corneum
papillary layer of the dermis
Answer: b. reticular layer of the dermis

82. Which layer consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue?
stratum basale
reticular layer of the dermis
stratum corneum
papillary layer of the dermis
Answer: b. reticular layer of the dermis

83. Which of the following statement(s) regarding the hypodermis is/are true?
The border between the dermis and hypodermis is distinct.
It stabilizes the position of the skin relative to skeletal muscles and other organs.
It does not permit independent movement.
NONE of the statements are true.
Answer: b. It stabilizes the position of the skin relative to skeletal muscles and other organs.

84. Which of the following statement(s) regarding the hypodermis is/are true?
The border between the dermis and hypodermis is distinct.
It stabilizes the position of the skin relative to skeletal muscles and other organs.
It does not permit independent movement.
None of the statements are true.
Answer: b. It stabilizes the position of the skin relative to skeletal muscles and other organs.

85. Cells found in the stratum basale, which send cytoplasmic processes between epithelial cells, are called
keratinocytes.
granule cells.
cells of Langerhans.
melanocytes.
Answer: d. melanocytes.

86. Cells found in the stratum basale, which send cytoplasmic processes between epithelial cells, are called
keratinocytes.
granule cells.
cells of Langerhans.
melanocytes.
Answer: d. melanocytes.

87. In which layer of the epidermis do cells stop dividing and start making large amounts of keratin?
stratum lucidum
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
Answer: c. stratum granulosum

88. In which layer of the epidermis do cells stop dividing and start making large amounts of keratin?
stratum lucidum
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
Answer: c. stratum granulosum

89. Which stratum of the epidermis consists of 15-30 layers of flat, dead cells connected by desmosomes?
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
Answer: b. stratum corneum

90. Which stratum of the epidermis consists of 15-30 layers of flat, dead cells connected by desmosomes?
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
Answer: b. stratum corneum

91. The superficial ridges that overlie the dermal papillae
increase friction only.
increase skin surface area only.
provide a barrier to microorganisms.
increase friction and increase skin surface area.
Answer: d. increase friction and increase skin surface area.

92. The superficial ridges that overlie the dermal papillae
increase friction only.
increase skin surface area only.
provide a barrier to microorganisms.
increase friction and increase skin surface area.
Answer: d. increase friction and increase skin surface area.

93. The stratum granulosum consists of cells that have stopped dividing and are producing large amounts of
melanin.
keratin.
carotene.
melanin and keratin.
Answer: b. keratin.

94. The stratum granulosum consists of cells that have stopped dividing and are producing large amounts of
melanin.
keratin.
carotene.
melanin and keratin.
Answer: b. keratin.

95. ________ are coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin.
Apocrine sweat glands
Ceruminous glands
Merocrine sweat glands
Ceruminous and merocrine sweat glands
Answer: c. Merocrine sweat glands

96. ________ are coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin.
Apocrine sweat glands
Ceruminous glands
Merocrine sweat glands
Ceruminous and merocrine sweat glands
Answer: c. Merocrine sweat glands

97. Contraction of the arrector pili muscles results in secretion from which gland type?
sebaceous glands
apocrine glands
merocrine glands
sudoriferous glands
Answer: a. sebaceous glands

98. Contraction of the arrector pili muscles results in secretion from which gland type?
sebaceous glands
apocrine glands
merocrine glands
sudoriferous glands
Answer: a. sebaceous glands

99. What is/are the function(s) of perspiration?
excretion of water and electrolytes
lowering of body temperature
dilution of harmful chemicals
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: d. All of the answers are correct.

100. What is/are the function(s) of perspiration?
excretion of water and electrolytes
lowering of body temperature
dilution of harmful chemicals
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: d. All of the answers are correct.

101. Human adult skin normally possesses how many merocrine sweat glands?
2 to 5 million
100 to 200 million
150,000 to 400,000
500,000 to 1 million
Answer: a. 2 to 5 million

102. Human adult skin normally possesses how many merocrine sweat glands?
2 to 5 million
100 to 200 million
150,000 to 400,000
500,000 to 1 million
Answer: a. 2 to 5 million

103. Acne results from the blockage of ducts in which glands?
merocrine sweat glands
sebaceous glands
apocrine sweat glands
None of the answers is correct.
Answer: b. sebaceous glands

104. Acne results from the blockage of ducts in which glands?
merocrine sweat glands
sebaceous glands
apocrine sweat glands
None of the answers is correct.
Answer: b. sebaceous glands

105. A burn injury in which all epidermal and dermal cells are killed is classified as
first-degree.
second-degree.
third-degree.
partial-thickness.
Answer: c. third-degree.

106. A burn injury in which all epidermal and dermal cells are killed is classified as
first-degree.
second-degree.
third-degree.
partial-thickness.
Answer: c. third-degree.

107. Which wound type heals most quickly?
abrasions
scrapes
incisions
abrasions and scrapes
Answer: c. incisions

108. Which wound type heals most quickly?
abrasions
scrapes
incisions
abrasions and scrapes
Answer: c. incisions

109. During wound repair, which cells divide to produce mobile cells that invade the deeper area of injury?
melanocytes and macrophages
macrophages and keratinocytes
keratinocytes and melanocytes
fibroblasts and connective tissue stem cells
Answer: d. fibroblasts and connective tissue stem cells

110. During wound repair, which cells divide to produce mobile cells that invade the deeper area of injury?
melanocytes and macrophages
macrophages and keratinocytes
keratinocytes and melanocytes
fibroblasts and connective tissue stem cells
Answer: d. fibroblasts and connective tissue stem cells

111. During wound repair, cells from which layer rapidly divide and begin to migrate along the wound periphery to replace missing epidermal cells?
stratum lucidum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
reticular layer
Answer: c. stratum basale

112. During wound repair, cells from which layer rapidly divide and begin to migrate along the wound periphery to replace missing epidermal cells?
stratum lucidum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
reticular layer
Answer: c. stratum basale

113. Calluses form on the palms after manual labor due to
dissolution of the scab.
cells of the stratum basale dividing more rapidly.
thickening of the epithelium.
cells of the stratum basale dividing more rapidly and thickening of the epithelium.
Answer: d. cells of the stratum basale dividing more rapidly and thickening of the epithelium.

114. Calluses form on the palms after manual labor due to
dissolution of the scab.
cells of the stratum basale dividing more rapidly.
thickening of the epithelium.
cells of the stratum basale dividing more rapidly and thickening of the epithelium.
Answer: d. cells of the stratum basale dividing more rapidly and thickening of the epithelium.

115. What is the correct order of events in skin repair
What is the correct order of events in skin repair? 1 - Fibrin clot disintegrates, and phagocytic activity at the site ends. 2 - Fibroblasts continue to create scar tissue that will elevate the overlying epidermis. 3 - Cells of the stratum basale migrate along the wound periphery, and clotting partially isolates the region. 4 - Bleeding occurs at the injury site, and mast cells trigger an inflammatory response.
Answer: a

116. What is the correct order of events in skin repair
What is the correct order of events in skin repair? 1 - Fibrin clot disintegrates, and phagocytic activity at the site ends. 2 - Fibroblasts continue to create scar tissue that will elevate the overlying epidermis. 3 - Cells of the stratum basale migrate along the wound periphery, and clotting partially isolates the region. 4 - Bleeding occurs at the injury site, and mast cells trigger an inflammatory response.
Answer: a