2. SNOLAB TRIUMF 5YP August 3, 2007

3. Outline Science Experiments Status TRIUMF/SNOLAB relationship Detailed list of collaborative efforts

4. Canadian astroparticle physicists are positioned very well. Canada has SNOLAB- the best (deepest, cleanest) underground lab in the world Underground measurements of rare processes are required –To understand fundamental properties of the universe: dark matter, neutrino character, neutrino mass, neutrino oscillations, higher unification, matter-antimatter asymmetry –To further our understanding of physical processes: supernova, solar energy generation, neutrino propagation through the sun and heat generation in the earth. The scale and complexity of these experiments are appropriate for the resources available to Canadian physicists.

5. e-e- e-e- Z+2 Z+1 Z e e Decay 2.01.51.00.50.0 Sum Energy for the Two Electrons (MeV) Endpoint Energy e-e- e-e- Z+2 Z+1 Z e Requires Massive Majorana Neutrino L=2 Two Neutrino Spectrum Zero Neutrino Spectrum 1% resolution (2 ) = 100 * (0 )

6. ~ 10 27 yrs ~ 10 29 yrs ~ 10 26 yrs 76 Ge Allowed Phase Space for a Majorana Neutrino Mass ~ 10 28 yrs ~ 10 25 yrs We Are Here Next Generation Future, as necessary Experimental Issues for double beta decay Decrease and understand backgrounds to 1 event/region of interest/detector- running time Need good energy resolution to separate zero- neutrino and 2-neutrino modes. Increase mass to 1 tonne and ultimately 100 tonne. Studies of the field (NUSAG in the US, for example) recommend a phased approach, in which mass increases as larger masses are ruled out and technology improves. There is no proven, scalable technology.

7. halo bulge disk sun …the Milky Way Dark Matter

8. E recoil < 100 keV R << 1 event/kg/day Surfing Through the WIMP-WIND 230 km/s

9. 2km overburden (6000mwe) Underground Laboratory Surface Facility SNOLAB TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

10. Phase I Excavation (Cube Hall, Ladder Labs) complete. Phase I Outfitting of the new personnel facilities and experimental spaces well under way and are expected to be completed early 2008. Phase II excavation of Cryopit is under way in parallel with Phase I outfitting. Announcement expected later this month. Excavation will take till March 2008 with completion of outfitting Fall 2008. SNOLAB Workshop VI August 22-24 in Sudbury. SNOLAB Status TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

11. LADDER LABS

12. Siting Experiments at SNOLAB TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007 Cube Hall: 1 of 2008: DEAP/CLEAN 2009: PICASSO-III 2009: LUX SNO Utility Rm: Now: PICASSO-IB (2kg) SNO Cavern: 2008: SNO+ SNO Control Rm: 2007: DEAP-1 Ladder Labs: 2 of 2009: PICASSO IIB 2009: EXO-200-Gas 2009: Majorana (TBD) 2010: CDMS Cryopit: 1 of 2008: DEAP/CLEAN 2009: LUX 2015?: EXO 2015?: 1T GERDA 2015?: CLEAN-100T

13. Ended data taking 28 Nov 2006 Most heavy water returned June 2007 Finish decommissioning end of 2007 SNO TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

14. SNO+ Science: One Slide double beta decay with Nd-loaded scintillator –statistical reach down to 30 meV with 500 kg 150 Nd –statistical reach below 100 meV with 0.1% Nd (natural) exploit pep solar neutrinos for precision studies of neutrino- matter couplings –pep allows for it to be precision –SNOLAB depths allows for us (and only us) to do it well –MSW is the most sensitive probe of neutrino-matter couplings (e.g. non-standard interactions) and could reveal new physics geo-neutrinos: SNO+ would have 4 times better signal-to- reactor background compared to KamLAND; SNO+ measurement would be the first to impact fundamental Earth sciences reactor neutrinos: demonstration that oscillation spectral dip moves as L/E; combined fit would improve knowledge of the 1-2 neutrino mixing parameters very good supernova neutrino capability

15. SNO+ AV Hold Down Existing AV Support Ropes TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

16. SNO+ AV Hold Down AV Hold Down Ropes Existing AV Support Ropes TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

17. M.G.Boulay and A.Hime, Astroparticle Physics 25, 179 (2006) DEAP - Dark matter Experiment with Argon and Pulse-shape-discrimination Prompt/Singlet Light ( ~ 6 ns) Late/Triplet Light ( ~ 1.6 s) I 1 / I 3 ~ 0.3 I 1 / I 3 ~ 3.0 10 8 simulated e-s 100 simulated WIMPs 10 8 simulated e-s 100 simulated WIMPs Concept Demonstrated Experimentally at LANL DEAP-0 IVrth SNOLAB Workshop, August (2005) www.snolab2005.snolab.ca

18. DEAP/CLEAN TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

19. TRIUMF TRIUMF is Canadas National Laboratory for Particle Physics, and maintains high capabilities in detector design, construction and the electronics/DAQ necessary to interface to detectors. SNOLAB will develop its own teams for the unique aspects of underground science: extreme limits on radioactivity and underground deployment Need to develop mechanisms for setting priorities and communicating between laboratories.

20. TRIUMF-SNOLAB collaboration Engineering (National lab culture) Detector development Cryogenic systems Electronics Data acquisition Machining/fabrication All SNOLAB projects are looking for collaborators

21. Canadian Universities at SNOLAB Queens: (Boulay, Chen, McDonald, Noble, Rau + new position) SNO, SNO+, DEAP/Clean, PICASSO, CDMS Carleton: (Bellerive, Graham, Sinclair) SNO, EXO, DEAP/Clean Laurentian: (Farine, Virtue, Wachowski) SNO, EXO, SNO+, HALO, PICASSO Alberta:( Hallin, Krauss, new position) SNO, SNO+, DEAP/Clean, PICASSO Montreal (Azeulos, Lassard, Leroy, Zacek) PICASSO SNOLAB (Cleveland, Duncan, Ford, Jillings, Lawson)

22. SNOLAB Meeting and Office Space Clean Room Lab and Staging Material Handling TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

23. SNOLAB TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

24. SNOLAB Personnel facilities SNO Cavern Ladder Labs Cube Hall Phase II Cryopit Utility Area TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007

25. Laboratory and support spaces will be operated as Class 2000 clean rooms. 10 HEPA filtered air changes per hour. Infrastructure includes: 2MW electrical service, 1 MW chiller capacity, emergency generator, Ultra Pure Water facility, Low background counting facility, high bandwidth network access, chemistry facilities, underground machine shop, light gauge rail line for material transport. Laboratory Space

26. Excavation Status - Phase I Excavation (Cube Hall, Ladder Labs) Complete - Phase II Excavation Progressing

27. Lab Entrance

28. Personnel Area

29. Personnel Area

30. Bladder Room

31. LADDER LABS

32. CUBE HALL

33. CUBE HALL

34. Cryopit Top Access

35. END

36. Title TRIUMF Town Meeting 1-3 August 2007