1. Ch. 23 Head and Face
Head

2. Anatomy of Head 28 bones Mandible is the only movable bone
Suture is where two bones come together

3. Brain Facts 3 pounds Requires 20% O2 and 15% blood supply
Brain cells grow until 18
Divided into lobes
Connects to spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
Left brain controls right side of body, vice versa

4. Brain Lobes Frontal: voluntary muscle movement, emotion, eye movement
Parietal: Sensation
Occipital: Vision
Temporal: Hearing, speech
Cerebellum: equilibrium, muscle, reflexes
Cerebellum: ‘athletic brain’

5. Scalp Injuries Usually bleeds more Could look worse than it is
Treat and control bleeding
Continue with head injury assessment to rule out other injuries

6. Skull Fractures Caused by a severe blow when headgear is not worn
S/S: bleed or CSF draining from ear or nose
Battle sign
Raccoon eyes

7. Concussions Mild brain injury More than 300,000 each year
62,000 in high school
Several different grading systems
AVPU
SCAT card

8. Concussions Signs and Symptoms
Cognitive: awareness of time and space, consciousness
Typical: headache, dizziness, nausea, double vision
Physical: loss of consciousness, poor balance, seizures, vomiting
Retrograde and antegrade amnesia

9. Concussions Return to participation
No activity, complete rest until asymptomatic
Light aerobic exercise
Sport-specific training
Non-contact training drills
Full-contact training drills after clearance
Game play

10. Hemorrhage Bleeding within the skull; forms hematoma
Subdural: between brain and dura mater
Epidural: between skull and dura mater
Intracranial: pooling of blood within brain

11. Secondary Impact Syndrome
Rapid swelling and herniation of the brain after a second head injury that occurs before the symptoms of a previous injury has been resolved
Second impact could be minor
This is why it is really important to fully clear an athlete after a head injury