1. British History

2. Outline
Early history ( Celts, Roman occupation, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings)
Norman invasion
Middle Ages in Britain ( Magna Charta and the beginning of the British parliamentary system, Hundred Years’ War, The War of Roses, the Tudor Age - Henry VIII , Elizabethan Age)
Civil War and the Glorious Revolution
Oliver Cromwell
The Napoleonic Wars
Victorian era
Modern history, 20th century (WWI, WWII)
famous personalities in British history (own choice)

4. The Pre-Celtic Period (before 800BC)
Stonehenge – comes from that time,
settlers from Europe arrived between 3500BC and 3000BC - introduced pottery, farming and stone tools

5. The Celtic Period (800BC-43AD)
the Celts started to invade Britain from the 10th century BC
one of their tribes was called the Britons,
the most important survival is the existence of three Celtic languages: Welsh, Irish and Gaelic.

6. Romans
occupied the country from 55BC when Julius Ceasar invaded Britain, they stayed
till the 5th century AD
Hadrian's wall (defensive wall marking the northern frontier of the Roman Empire)
the Roman roads are still in use
influenced English lang.

8. Angles, Saxons, Jutes (middle of 5th cent. – 1066)
came from Germany and Denmark and the Netherlands in the 5th century
the best known king was Alfred the Great – translated books from Latin to English, well educated

9. The Vikings
arrived from Scandinavia throughout the 9th century and in 1066 the Normans invaded from France
1066 – the Battle of Hastings – the English were defeated by a French Army led by William, Duke of Normandy
William the Conqueror became a British king

11. The Period of Feudalism (1066-15th cent.)
English langauge and nation came into being
a period of frequent wars and suffering, prepared the way for England´s rise as a real power

12. 12th cent.- the struggle for power between the King and the church – it resulted in the murder of Thomas Becket
13th cent.- granting of Magna Carta Libertatum John Lackland – limited the power of the King
1265 – the first House of Commons

13. 14-15th century
Hundred Year´s War with France ( )- England´s defeat
the Black Death – a violent epidemic of plague in 1348, the number of pop. was reduced from 4 mil. to two million
The Wars of Roses a struggle for the Crown between the house of York and the House of Lancaster, whose emblems were a white and a red rose

14. Lancaster York

15. The Tudor Period ( )
England became one of the leading world powers
The Age of Renaissance

16. Henry VIII. had six wives
proclaimed himself the head of the Church of England
despotic rule
beheaded two of his wives
Sir Thomas More executed (disapproved of the King´s policies)
arguments with the Pope

19. Elizabeth I (16th cent.) Elizabethan Age – a popular monarch
encouraged trading expeditions often combined with piracy (e.g. Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Francis Drake)
the world´s greatest playwright W. Shakespeare
big prosperity

21. The Stuarts and the English Revolution (1603-1688)
-a growing conflict between the King and Parliament led to the Civil War (abolition of the monarchy and Cromwell´s military rule)
1660 – the monarchy was restored again
1688 – the Glorious Revolution – the Bill of Rights limited the power of the King and strenthened the power of Parliament

22. Lord Protector

23. 18th cent.- Industrial Revolution (1750s-1950s)
Britain – the first industrial power in the
world
colonial expansion
important inventions:
steamships
railways
decline of feudalism

24. The Napoleonic Wars
the British Army defeated Napoleon at Waterloo (Wellington) in 1815

25. 1783 -loss of US colonies
the US proclaimed independence, so India became the main stronghold of the British Empire

26. The Victorian Era ( )
strongest power – industrial, commercial, greatest sea power, colonial power (esp. Africa)
Trade unions – Britain is the cradle of the trade union movement – industrial workers started to organize themselves to defend their interests
Social changes – low wages, slums, cheap child labour
New division of society – working class people
Victorian morality

27. 20th cent. - decline
1910 House of Windsor
1921-Ireland-independence
WWI
WWII- W.Churchil ( )