2. The Middle Ages

3. Early: 500 – 1000 Early: 500 – 1000 High: 1000 – 1250 High: 1000 – 1250 Late: 1250 - 1500 Late: 1250 - 1500

4. Middle Ages Question What happens when a great society collapses? What happens when a great society collapses? How, or why, do times change? How, or why, do times change?

5. The Middle Ages: 500 – 1500 The Medieval Period Rise of the Middle Ages Decline of the Roman Empire

6. http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#the-fall-of-rome http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#the-fall-of-rome http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#the-fall-of-rome http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#the-fall-of-rome

7. Europe Today

8. 6 th Century Europe

9. The Early Middle Ages Once the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, Europe divided into many kingdoms: Once the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, Europe divided into many kingdoms: Germanic Kingdoms: Germanic Kingdoms: The Franks – Pope crowned Charlemagne The Franks – Pope crowned Charlemagne Goths Goths

10. Charlemagne’s Empire

11. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

12. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

13. Power of the Medieval Church Controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. Controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. Monks and monasteries Monks and monasteries

14. TuesWedThurs 131 131 *24*2 *24*2 5*65 5*65 877 8778

15. Feudalism Think of a chess set

16. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service. A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service. King / Lord VassalKnight Peasant / Serf

17. Feudalism Manors – Self Sufficient Economies

18. Feudalism Based on mutual obligation Military protection Provide knights in times of war service Fiefs – land grants protection

19. Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food Feudalism in Japan

20. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! JapaneseFeudalSociety

21. The Age of Chivalry

22.  Chivalry – a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters 1.His feudal lord 2.His Heavenly Lord 3.His Lady

23. Japan’s Code of Bushido Justice – Gi Justice – Gi Courage - Yu Courage - Yu Benevolence - Jin Benevolence - Jin Politeness - Rel Politeness - Rel Veracity - Makoto Veracity - Makoto Honor - Melyo Honor - Melyo Loyalty - Chugo Loyalty - Chugo

24. Art of Seppuku

25. Pillaging and Plundering

26. European knight Samurai Warrior vs. Medieval Warriors

27. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

28. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

29. Samurai Charging

30. Castles and Keeps  Home to lord and lady, their family, knights, soldiers, and servants

31. Medieval Castle

32. Castles and Keeps

39. CASTLESCASTLES CASTLESCASTLES

40. Osaka Castle

41. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

42. Video Clip http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag ne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages

43. Charlemagne Legacy Charlemagne died Charlemagne died Grandsons had to divide up the empire into 3 smaller empires Grandsons had to divide up the empire into 3 smaller empires But they were weak and were destroyed But they were weak and were destroyed Charlemagne’s governing style helped create new kingdoms Charlemagne’s governing style helped create new kingdoms Law Abiding & Strong Gov’ts Law Abiding & Strong Gov’ts

44.  Has the Middle Ages influenced America’s way of life?

45.  starter activity Which of the qualities do you think were most important for a medieval king? Rich, but not greedy Healthy & strong Inspiring Hard working Brave Wise Firm but fair Good soldier Good judge of character God- fearing

46.  A new English King  Cruel & Untrustworthy  Raised taxes  Overrode traditional laws

47.  Barons listed their grievances  List became known as Magna Carta  The king must obey some laws!

48.  The king must not interfere with the Church  When a baron inherits land he should pay the king no more than £100  The king cannot collect new taxes unless the barons and bishops agree  No freeman can be put in prison without trial by a jury  Justice will be without delays or bribes  Traders must be able to travel freely without having to pay tolls  The King’s men must not take anyone’s goods without paying for them.

49.  Some main tenants:  Rule of Law  Fairness of Law  Due Process  Habeas Corpus

50.  Powers and privileges of the king are clearly defined and limited

51.  "Reasonable" rules and regulations  Equal justice under the law  Recognition of customs, traditions, and established rights  Punishment in proportion to the crime

52.  Established procedures  No trial without evidence/testimony to support accusations  Trials held in a timely manner  Trials open to the public  Trial by a jury of one's peers

53.  No one can be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime

54. The Crusades

55.  How did the Crusades change life in Europe and beyond?

56.  In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.  Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.  As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant.  However, they began killing Christians

57.  In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims.  Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades against the Muslims.  However, Christians never permanently regained control of the Holy Land.

59. E. Napp For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291- European crusaders went to the Holy Land.

60. Many Europeans Joined the Crusades. Some joined for the promise of Heaven. Others joined hoping for wealth.

61.  Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land.  Crusaders joined for many reasons.  Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for wealth, and still others for adventure.

62. Crusaders often wore a cross on their breastplate.

63.  Historians frequently call the Crusades “a successful failure.”  While Europeans never regained permanent control of the Holy Land and many people were killed, cultural diffusion increased.  Europeans began to trade with the Middle East.  The Crusades showed Europeans that millions of people existed in the world.  Opened up trade b/t Europe and the World

64. E. Napp Europeans learned about Arab art, architecture, medicine, and mathematics.

65. The Early Middle Ages Muslims conquered Spain in 711. Muslims conquered Spain in 711. Threatened to spread Islam throughout Europe Threatened to spread Islam throughout Europe They were defeated in 732 They were defeated in 732 Christianity remained Europe’s most popular religion Christianity remained Europe’s most popular religion

66. Vikings Attack Vikings – Germanic people called Norsemen From Scandinavia Worshipped warlike gods Pillage and Plunder Warriors, traders, farmers, and explorers

68. Your Task On page 214 & 216 complete the “note taking charts” On page 214 & 216 complete the “note taking charts” After each heading write an essential question about the topic After each heading write an essential question about the topic Document Based Assessment - pg. 241 Document Based Assessment - pg. 241 Answer questions 1-3 about Charlemagne Answer questions 1-3 about Charlemagne For each question explain your reasoning For each question explain your reasoning

69. Today’s Question How did feudalism emerge and shape medieval life? How did feudalism emerge and shape medieval life? While answering, emphasize what you think are the positives and negatives of feudalism? While answering, emphasize what you think are the positives and negatives of feudalism? 219-224 219-224

70. Chapter 15-1 The Early Middle Ages Otto I was a powerful German king Otto I was a powerful German king Fought the Magyars Fought the Magyars Protected the pope Protected the pope Pope made him emperor of the Romans Pope made him emperor of the Romans Otto’s territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire Otto’s territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire

71. Chapter 15-1 The Early Middle Ages Scandinavia is a country in northern Europe Scandinavia is a country in northern Europe Home of the Viking people Home of the Viking people Vikings were skilled sailors Vikings were skilled sailors They raided Europe between 800 and 900 A.D and conquered parts of western France called Normandy They raided Europe between 800 and 900 A.D and conquered parts of western France called Normandy

72. The Rise of the Catholic Church St Patrick traveled to Ireland and spread Christianity St Patrick traveled to Ireland and spread Christianity He established monasteries He established monasteries Monks taught and preserved Roman learning Monks taught and preserved Roman learning

73. The Rise of the Catholic Church Gregory the Great: pope 590- 604 Gregory the Great: pope 590- 604 Asked monks to become missionaries Asked monks to become missionaries They converted Ethelbert (ruler of Kent in Britain) They converted Ethelbert (ruler of Kent in Britain) Irish monks converted people in northern Europe Irish monks converted people in northern Europe Monks and monasteries played big part in education, health care, and preservation of knowledge Monks and monasteries played big part in education, health care, and preservation of knowledge Played an important role in Europe’s politics Played an important role in Europe’s politics

74. The Rise of the Catholic Church 1073 Gregory VII was elected pope 1073 Gregory VII was elected pope He issued a decree forbidding kings from anointing high ranking church officials He issued a decree forbidding kings from anointing high ranking church officials Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor at the time) refused to obey Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor at the time) refused to obey Henry declared that Gregory was no longer the pope Henry declared that Gregory was no longer the pope Gregory excommunicated Henry Gregory excommunicated Henry So, when the German nobles chose a new emperor, Gregory accepted him So, when the German nobles chose a new emperor, Gregory accepted him Henry declared war against Gregory Henry declared war against Gregory

75. The Rise of the Catholic Church By 1122, we had a new emperor and a new pope By 1122, we had a new emperor and a new pope They came to an agreement and called it the Concordat of Worms They came to an agreement and called it the Concordat of Worms Agreed that only the pope could choose the bishops, and only the emperor could give them government jobs Agreed that only the pope could choose the bishops, and only the emperor could give them government jobs

76. The Rise of the Catholic Church Catholic Church became really powerful under Pope Innocent III Catholic Church became really powerful under Pope Innocent III He controlled kings by threatening to withhold Christian rituals (like communion) from a king of a country’s people He controlled kings by threatening to withhold Christian rituals (like communion) from a king of a country’s people