1. Feudalism

4. SimulationHistorical Situation Each student was assigned an order & moving up was impossible. A person was born into his or her order & moving up was almost impossible. Each person as given M&Ms based on his/her order.Each person had a certain level of wealth based on his/her order. M&MsKing & Nobles=their land, the loyalty of their vassals, taxes they collected from people living on the land. Peasants/Serfs=crops, goods Peasants had to sit on the floor behind a noble.Peasants were at the bottom of society and lived on the land of a noble. Peasants had to give 1 M&M to their noble.Peasants had to pay the noble in either goods, services or taxes to live on the land. Nobles had to give M&Ms to the Lords (also nobles) above them. Nobles had to pay the nobles in either taxes or military service for the land they were given. Everyone gave 1 M&M to the “Church)Everyone tithed money to the church because they believed it would help them get to heaven.

5.  Feudalism was based on “fealty” or loyalty  Nobles=wealthy people with land  Vassal=noble who served another noble or lord of higher rank "I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit.“

6. Charles Martel had carefully observed the Muslim cavalry during the Battle of Tours in AD 732. The Islamic horse soldiers were the finest in the world at that time and were so effective they could often turn the tide of any battle to their favor. Although the Muslims were defeated at Tours their cavalry earned the respect of the Franks. Shortly afterwards, Charles began to organize Frankish troops into “armored horsemen” or “KNIGHTS.”

7.  Many vassals were knights, or warriors.  In return for land, they led fought  Followed Code of Chivalry

9.  Lords or Nobles owned the land  Peasants worked the land; at least 3 days/week of labor on the Lord’s land  Long hours-gave portion of crops to nobles to pay for use of village’s mill, winepress, bread oven, etc.  Peasants also sold their goods to each other  Peasants who were SERFS were bound to the land; if they left, the noble could have them brought back and punished  SERFS had to get permission from nobles to marry  Nobles lived in a manor house or castle with servants,  Noblemen ran the manor, while women ran the household (overseeing food and other household needs)

10.  Fall of Roman Empire  Trade declined:  Roads/Bridges fell into disrepair  Law & order vanished  Money was no longer used (bartering system)  People never left the villages where they were born & knew nothing of the outside world.

11.  Feudalism brought back security of life  Nobles repaired roads/bridges & enforced law  Trade increased & towns grew into cities

12. Inventions: Horse collar Plow Horse shoe Water Mills Windmills Other Improvements Crop Rotation

13. As farming improved peasants grew more food Population increased Food surplus gave people something to barter Towns grew larger because they gave merchants permanent surroundings to sell goods

14. Trade encouraged manufacturing & the creation of guilds Another result lf the increase in trade  demand for coins

15.  Baker  Barber  Brewer  Bond (serf or bondmen)  Carter (made carts)  Carpenter  Clark (clerk)  Cook  Cooper (made barrels)  Dyer (dyed cloth)  Fisher  Franklin (well-to-do farmer who owned his own land)  Fuller (thickened cloth)  Glover (made gloves)  Mason  Shepherd  Shearer  Smith  Tanner  Thatcher  Walker (shrunk woolen cloth)  Weaver  Webb (Weaver)  Wheeler (made wheels)