2. The Implementation of Enquiry Learning in Integrated Curriculum through questioning An action learning project

3. Content 1. Background 2. Capacity Building Preparatory stage Implementation in classroom learning and teaching

4. Why build capacity?

5. S1 Liberal Studies Preparation of curriculum framework & resource materials

6. A capacity building Plan – what is capacity? Can I ask a question? Socrates Socrates

7. Mitchell & Sackney (2000) Personalcapacity Knowledge; skills; active reflection Interpersonal capacity Taking responsibility for each other’s learning; interactive techniques Organizational capacity An organizational learning culture: learning teams

8. “Learning Teams” 1.Shared values & goals 2.Collective learning & application of learning 3.Supportive conditions 4.Sharing personal practices

9. Roles of the leader in this plan Provide opportunities for staff to develop personal understanding; personal understanding personal understanding Form Learning Teams as the core of continuous improvement (professional trust, sharing for mutual gain, and collaboration but not competition) Promote reflection on practice by staff (pairs as critical friends) Think and act in an authentic manner (you as a person and leader) authentic manner authentic manner

10. “enquiry” worksheets = enquiry learning?

11. “Routine is the death of consciousness” If we simply present the teacher with pre- packaged, finished lesson plans, designed by the critical thinking of someone else, someone who used a process that is not clearly understood by the teacher, then a major opportunity for the teacher to develop her own critical thinking skills, insights, and motivations will have been lost. Richard Paul, 1995, p.340

12. What is enquiry learning?

13. Source: Gough, N. (1992) Blueprints for Greening Schools, Gould League, Melbourne, p.90.

14. A Seven Stage Model of Enquiry Learning

15. Seven Stage Model of Enquiry Learning Tuning in Deciding directions Preparing to find out Finding out Sorting out Drawing conclusions Considering social action

16. enquiry learning through questioning

17. What is the most popular question raised by students in Hong Kong? Can I ask a question? Socrates Socrates

18. Is it going to be on the test?

19. What is the most popular question raised by teachers in Hong Kong? Can I ask a question? Socrates Socrates

20. Do you understand? Are you listening?

21. Teachers : generators of questions & answers of their own

22. 21 Dead questions reflect dead minds.

23. Questioning Tools 1. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Thinking Level 1: knowledge Level 1: knowledge Level 2: Comprehension Level 2: Comprehension Level 3: Application Level 3: Application Level 4: Analysis Level 4: Analysis Level 5: Synthesis Level 5: Synthesis Level 6: Evaluation Level 6: Evaluation

24. Questioning Tools 2. Socratic Questioning

25. Elements of Reasoning All reasoning has a purpose; All reasoning is an attempt to figure something out, to settle some question, to solve some problem. All reasoning is based on assumptions; All reasoning is done from some point of view; All reasoning is based on data, information, and evidence. All reasoning is expressed through, and shaped by, concepts and ideas; All reasoning contains inferences by which we draw conclusions and give meaning to data. All reasoning leads somewhere, has implications and consequences.

26. For exploring ideas in depth & breadth 1. Select a question / issue of interest. 2. Produce a central statement. 3. Clarify the statement and its relationship to the question / issue. 4. List & examine support, reasons, evidence, & assumptions related to the central statement. 5. Explore the origin / source of the statement. 6. Develop & critically examine the implications & consequences of the statement. 7. Seek & fairly examine conflicting views.

27. Can we divide Socratic questions into several types – A taxonomy of Socratic questions? Can I ask a question? Socrates Socrates

28. Match the seven stage model of enquiry learning with the Socratic questioning model Can Socratic questioning facilitate enquiry learning?

29. Can Socratic questioning facilitate enquiry learning? Seven Stage Model of Enquiry Learning Socratic questioning model Tuning in Purpose of the thinking Deciding directions Question at issue Preparing to find out Information Finding out Sorting out Drawing conclusions Concepts,Assumptions, Interpretation & inference, Points of view Considering social action Implications & consequences

30. Forum Theatre A scenario of teacher-student conflict Whose fault is it?

31. Plan the significant questions that provide structure and direction to the lesson.

32. Is it perfect? Can I ask a question? Socrates Socrates

33. Using Socratic Dialogue in Class Limitations Time; Class size; Content delivery is slow Time; Class size; Content delivery is slow Can go in unproductive directions Can go in unproductive directionsStrengths Clarifies, deepens, strengthens understanding Clarifies, deepens, strengthens understanding Engages and Elucidates students’ thinking Engages and Elucidates students’ thinking On the spot! On the spot! Generates ‘After Burn’ – reflection Generates ‘After Burn’ – reflection

34. Thankyou