1. Application of e-infrastructure to real research

2. Zhongwei Guan, Engineering Modelling engineering structures with complex features in terms of materials, geometries, loading conditions, interactions, etc. SLM lattice structure PVC sandwich under blast FMLs under blast FMLs under impact

3. What we did: Purchased CPU hours from STFC after trying it on NGS Benefits: Accessibility: anywhere in the world as long as there is a high speed internet connection Updated version of commercial packages More frequent updating the supercomputer than a local network It is a low cost service (10000 CPU hours/£1000)

4. What we found using e-infrastructure: High efficiency, saved a lot of time for me, can submit a few jobs at the same time Big jobs which cannot be run locally large disk quota (50 GB or more) and CPU allocation with low costs Regular backup Reliable and quick help from NGS staff PhD and postdoc projects Available commercial packages, Abaqus, Fluent, Fortran, etc.

5. Rebecca Notman, biomolecules Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules and biomaterials How do nanoparticles get into cells? Can we use nanofibres to deliver drugs to the brain? Can we use biomolecules to synthesize and assemble complex nanomaterials?

6. Use of e-Infrastructure Use different types of e-Infrastructure depending on the types of calculation we want to do Local resources: – Free energy calculations of amino acids binding to quartz (small model system, runs in serial) National grid service: – Replica exchange molecular dynamics to explore peptide conformation – Many calculations running at the same time; but communicate with each other infrequently National HPC HECToR – Mechanical properties of proteins in the skin – Large scale parallel simulations (up to 4000 cores) on more than 1 million atoms.

7. Why Bother? Ultimately use of e-Infrastructure has boosted our productivity – Got research done that otherwise we couldn’t do – Had more papers published in high impact-factor journals – Won more grants (need to show you have the resources available and experience of using them) IF > 12IF > 4 IF > 5

8. Pamela Greenwell, Life Sciences Discovery of inhibitors for protozoan glycosidases Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a major co-factor for the acquisition and transmission of HIV, more than 200 million women worldwide affected Only 1 drug used in therapy and resistance is a problem Glycosidases of TV,required for the break down the sugar-rich mucin of the urogenital tract, may provide novel drug target Problems: no recombinant proteins (active), difficult to purify native enzyme, no crystal structure, limited homology to other enzymes (often less than 30%)

9. Answers Use in silico modelling, energy minimisation and docking to investigate ligand binding Develop library of structures (more than 2 million) to screen for novel inhibitors Design a method of searching the library for chemicals with similar “fingerprints” Screen the library in 1 or 2 days Use “wet lab” to validate candidates

10. Requirements: Interfaces, Portals, Grids and Clouds Required good collaboration between computer scientists and biologists Interfaces developed to enable biologists to use complex programs without knowledge of computer language Portals simplify submission and data retrieval Grids/ Cloud resources needed to facilitate parallel screening, cutting time required from weeks or months to hours or days

11. Results We have already identified a potential inhibitor and tested it in vitro- and it worked BUT not as well as we had predicted Research revealed that the compound was very lipophilic and hence might have reacted with the membrane-associated enzyme We have interrogated our library and pulled out a related but less lipophilic compound which binds almost as well in silico “Wet-lab” testing will begin when I return from holiday next week- watch this space!!

12. Phil Fowler, Molecular dynamics