1. Federal Departement of Economic Affairs DEA Federal Office for Agriculture FOAG How the Swiss agricultural policy promotes Integrated Pest Management Fabio Cerutti Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture

2. 2 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Integrated Plant Production is the basis for Integrated Plant Management

3. 3 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Contents Facts and figures Policies and instruments

4. 4 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Area Facts and figures Non productive areas 7,800 km 2 19 % Built-up areas 2,500 km 2 6 % Agricultural land 10,300 km 2 25 % Lakes and Rivers 2,900 km 2, 7 % Forest 12,000 km 2 29 % Alpine pastures 5,800 km 2 14 %

5. 5 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Facts and figures Agricultural Production Degree of self-sufficiency Vegetable products 41 % Animal products 94 % Total 59 %

6. 6 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Reform of the agricultural policy From second war until 1993 o subsidies linked with production: fixed prices and sales garantees From 1993 – today o subsidies (= direct payments) are linked to compliance with ecological standards = Ecological cross compliance A fundamental change Product subsidies Direct Payments

7. 7 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Policies and Instruments Overview Ecological Requirements: entry door General Direct Payments Ecological Direct Payments Total 2 bn CHF Total 0.5 bn CHF Quality and Interlinking of Ecological Compensation Areas + Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage

8. 8 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 balanced use of fertilisers appropriate share of ecological compensation areas (7%) crop-rotation soil protection selected and targeted application of plant protection products animal welfare standards Policies and Instruments Ecological requirements ( ) Proof of Ecological Performance (PEP) Based on the approach of Integrated Production Principles Rules translated into regulations:

9. 9 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Balanced use of fertilisers Objectives: Conservation of soil fertility Maximum reduction of the losses of nutritive elements into the environment Nutrient cycles as closed as possible Minimal requirements: balanced manure, N and P inputs dont exceed 10% of the needs

10. 10 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Appropriate share of ecological compensation areas Objective: Conservation and enrichment of biological diversity and the rural landscape Minimum requirements: 7% of the agricultural surface of the farm must be devoted to areas of ecological compensation

11. 11 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Ecological Compensation Areas (examples) Extensive meadows No fertilizer and no pesticides are allowed Grass is mown at specific times allowing flowers to turn into seeds (plain: mid-June). Meadows used with little intensity Same conditions as extensive meadows, except fertilisation (= 30 kg N / ha allowed)

12. 12 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Trend in Ecological Compensations Areas About 12% of agricultural area

13. 13 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Crop-rotation Objectives Conservation of soil fertility and improvement of plant health Minimum requirements Farms> 3 ha : % of surface per crop is limited 4 crops

14. 14 Agri-environmental policy in Switzerland / 2007-08-17/201 Soil protection Conservation of soil structure and fertility. Reduction of erosion, of losses of nutrients and of plant protection products.