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Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.
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50.000 hectares of vegetables and flowers
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No green fingers anymore.
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Production completely industrialized
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High input type of production, and..
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… also industrial type of recirculation, and….
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… full scale energy production combining heat and electricity
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Big problems finding people ready to do the picking
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Market segmentation forced by Bild Zeitung.
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Resistance problems led to biological control in the 70-es
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Biological Control in glasshouses increasing (Van Lenteren, 2006)
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Biological control Type 3 and 4 measures of IP. IP hierarchy & Type of measures 1. Prevention 2. Technical measures for cultivation 3. Systems for early warning and deciding 4. Non-synthetic chemical crop protection 5. Chemical crop protection and application techniques 6. Emission reduction
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Potential for BC almost unlimited Predators (vertebrates) Microbials Pheromones Sterile flies Natural substances Biological soil treatment ….., even sound
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Use of pesticides still major problem, especially in flower crops
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Zero-tolerance policy also doesnt help
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Challenges Getting BC (and IPM) rewarded in the market Change unfair EU approval system and turn it around to giving BC an advantage Remove and substitute chemicals harming BC-systems Keep chemical industry from buying up BC- companies
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More challenges: arable crops!
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Campaigning helps
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