1. Indian Power Sector- Clean Coal Technologies V.S. VERMA MEMBER, CERC 1

2. 2 Installed Capacity – from 1362 MW in 1947 at the time of Independence to 1,82,689 MW on 31/10/11 Gross Electricity Generation – from 4073 MU in 1947 to 789,013 MU ON 31/3/11 Per capita consumption- from 16.3 Units in ’47 to 813.5 Units in 2010-11 All India PLF of thermal stations – from 52.4 % in 1985-86 to 76.8% in 2010-11 Highlights of Power Sector

3. 3 Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.10.2011

4. 4 GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY

5. 5 GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN INDIA

6. 6 GROWTH OF PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

7. 7 ALL INDIA PLANT LOAD FACTOR OF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS (%)

8. 8 Period Peak Demand (MW) Peak Met (MW) Peak Deficit/ Surplus (MW) Peak Deficit/ Surplus ( % ) Energy Requi- rment (MU) Energy Avail- ability (MU) Energy Deficit/ Surplus (MU) Energy Deficit/ Surplus ( % ) 2007-08 10886690793-18073-16.6739343666007-73336-9.9 2008-09 10980996785-13024-11.9777039691038-86001-11.1 2009-10 119,166104,009-15,157-12.7830,594746,644-83,950-10.1 2010-11 122,287110,256-12,031-9.8861,591788,355-73,236-8.5 Actual Power Supply Position

9. 9 Peak Demand Peak Met Surplus/Deficit Energy Requirement Energy Availability Surplus/Deficit (MW) %(MU) % Northern4024837117-3131-7.8164922155486-9436-5.7 Western4204236007-6035-14.4156328142314-14014-9.0 Madhya Pradesh 91507842-1308-14.3 2288520394-2491-10.9 Southern3393731489-2448-7.2147438138887-8551-5.8 Eastern1450513971-534-3.75794455509-2435-4.2 N-Eastern19201782-138-7.267006069-631-9.4 All India128907114233-14674-11.4533332498265-35067-6.6 Power Supply Position ( April2011-Oct 2011)

10. 10 (in MW) Capacity addition target during 11 th Plan78,700 Capacity addition likely as per Mid Term Assessment 62,374 Capacity addition likely as per latest assessment52,895 Capacity Commissioned during 11 th Plan (as on 15.11.2011) (Hydro- 5260 MW, Thermal-38,408 MW, Nuclear – 880 MW) (Private Sector -17,428 MW, State Sector- 14,510 MW, Central Sector- 12,610 MW) 44,548 CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11 TH PLAN (2007-2012)

11. 11 Projects under construction in Madhya Pradesh -Thermal THERMAL 1 Vindhyachal TPP-IV U 11,12 MPNTPCC1000 2Satpura TPP Ext U-10,11MPMPPGCLS500 3 Shree Singati (Malwa) TPP U 1,2 MPMPGENCOS1200 4Bina TPP U-1,2MP Bina Power Supply Company Ltd., Jaypee Group P500 5Anoppur TPP -I U 1,2MPMB Power ( M P) Ltd.P1200 6Sasan UMPPMPReliance Power Ltd.P3960 7Nigri TPP U 1,2MPJP Power Ventures Ltd.P1320 8Mahan TPP U 1,2MPEssar Power MP Ltd.P1200 9DB POWER U1,2MPDB POWER 1320 TOTAL (THERMAL) 12200

12. 12 CAPACITY ADDITION -12 TH PLAN (2012-2017) Report of Working Group on Power for 12th Plan expected shortly. Likely requirement of capacity addition during 12 th Plan - about 80,000 MW. ( RES – 18,500 MW; 55% Capacity - Private Sector; 40% - coal based supercritical technology Target of energy saving through DSM and Energy Efficiency measures about 60 BU at busbar, avoided peaking capacity about 12,000 MW.

13. 13 SizeSteam ParameterEfficiencyYear MWata/C/C(%) 30-5060/ 482~311950 60-10090/ 53532-331960 110 to150130/ 535/53535-361970 200/210130,150/535/53536.3,37.81977 250150/535/53538.31995 500170/ 538/53838.51984 500170/535/56538.72010 660247/535/565~39.52010 660/800247/565/59340.5 Efficiency on HHV basis Major Unit Sizes and Steam parameters

14. 14 High Efficiency.. Indian Conditions High CW temperature 33 -36 deg C High Ambient temperature Poor Coal Quality – –High Ash – –Slow burning – –Abrasive High Heat Rate (Low Efficiency) & High Aux Power Estimated impact - ~ 2-4 percentage points Efficiency Computations made on Gross Generation and GCV of Coal

15. 15 Supercritical Unit Sizes Unit Size (MW) ParametersDesign Efficiency * Gross on HHV 660 247kg/cm 2 538/565 O C 39.5 % 247kg/cm 2 565/593 O C 40.5 % 800 247kg/cm 2 565/593 O C 40.5 %

16. 16 Supercritical Technology First Supercritical unit of 660 MW Commissioned in Dec-2010 4 Units with total capacity 2640 MW operating ~ 4000 MW supercritical capacity to be operational in 11 th Plan (March -2012) Supercritical to constitute ~40% coal fired capacity addition in 12 th Plan (2012-17) 100% coal fired capacity addition in 13 th Plan and beyond to be supercritical

17. 17 Ultra supercritical (USC) technology − − International Experience ~ 280 bars 600 deg C. − − Experience limited mainly in Japan, Europe and few countries − − International Developments under watch − − Higher Steam Parameters Contemplated Based On Feed Back Of Operating Supercritical Units

18. 18 LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS COMMISSIONED DURING 11TH PLAN Sl. No. PLANT NAMESTATE DEVELOPE R BENEFI TS 11TH PLAN (2007- 12) 1MUNDRA TPP PH-II U 1,2GUJARAT ADANI POWER 1320 2MUNDRA TPP PH-III U 1GUJARAT ADANI POWER 660 3SIPAT-I U1 CHATTISG ARH NTPC660 TOTAL (COMMISSIONED) TILL 15.11.2011 2640

19. 19 LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 11TH PLAN Sl.N o. PLANT NAMESTATEDEVELOPER LIKELY BENEFIT S 11TH PLAN (2007-12) 1 ULTRA MEGA MUNDRA U1 GUJARATTATA POWER800 2TIRODA TPP PH-I, U1MAHARASHTRAADANI POWER660 3SIPAT-I U2CHATTISGARHNTPC660 4Jhajjar TPP U1HARYANACLP POWER660 TOTAL (UNDER EXECUTION) 2780

20. 20 LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 12TH PLAN IN MADHYA PRADESH 1Sasan UMPP U 1-4 Reliance Power Ltd. 2640MW 2Nigri TPP U 1 JP Power Ventures Ltd. 660MW

21. 21 Advance Ultra Supercritical Technology – –Efforts underway for indigenous development of 700 deg C technology – –Part of National Mission on Clean Coal Technology – –MoU between IGCAR, NTPC & BHEL – –Indigenous design and manufacturing of materials proposed

22. 22 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Limited International experience & with low ash coals ( Only 6 plants are in operation in the world) Fluidised bed gasifier considered suitable for Indian coals not proven Internationally High Capital and operating Cost IGCC technology for Indian coal requires indigenous development through R&D – –Feasibility studies done by Nexant, USA & BHEL Indicate Low efficiency and low availability

23. 23 Future Ahead for IGCC – –BHEL MOU with APGENCO for IGCC demo project – –NTPC desirous of setting up IGCC demo plant through International cooperation

24. 24 Oxyfuel Technology Is currently being developed around the world Few small projects are in operation or proposed – –Vattenfall 30 MW, Germany Barriers – –Need of high purity Oxygen – high penalty on Efficiency – –Technology yet to be proven

25. 25 CO 2 Emissions

26. 26 Per Capita CO2 Emissions (t CO2/capita) World – 4.29 India - 1.37 China – 5.13 USA - 16.90 (Source: IEA key world Energy Statistics 2011)

27. 27 Absolute CO 2 Emissions from Indian Power Sector* Estimated to be ~600 Million tonnes in 2010-11 Emissions are from Grid Connected power stations

28. 28 Average CO 2 Emissions per unit Grid Average kg CO 2 /kWh NEWNE 0.82 Southern 0.75 India 0.81 NEWNE – Northern,Eastern,Western and North Eastern Grid

29. 29 CO2 emissions from various unit sizes in kg CO2/MWh 800 MW – ~0.88 660MW - ~0.90 500 MW – ~0.92 210 MW – ~0.94

30. 30