1. Regional Workshop Innovative and Sustainable Energy Technology for Developing Country 28-30 May, 2014 Taj Mahal Hotel, New Delhi India. _________________________ “Taking Action for Sustainable Development in the Changing Climate” Current Statues Energy and Potential, Mitigation Activities to Climate Change Respond in Cambodia Presented By OU, Chanthearith, Deputy Director, Climate Change Department, MoE

2. Contents Country Background Potential Sectors for GHG Mitigation in Second National Communication Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Situation in Cambodia Energy Savings Siem Reap – Promoting and Demonstrating Energy Conservation in Siem Reap, Cambodia Progress and Current Activities and Way Forward 2

3. Country: Area 181,035 sq km, water 2.5%. Population 14,241,640. Pop growth rate 1.75% (2008) Border: with Thailand in the west, Vietnam in the east and south and Lao PDR in the north Phnom Penh is Capital city GDP growth rate 6% (2010) GDP/capital $802 (2010) GDP by sectors: - agriculture 33.9%, - industry 21.9%, - service 44.2%. Basic Facts Of Cambodia

4. Background 4  Cambodia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995,  Assessed to Kyoto Protocol in 2002,  Established Designed National Authority (DNA) in 2003,  CCCA was lunched in 2009 is multi-donors funded by EU UNDP SIDA AND NAIDA  PPCR&SPCR is funded by Climate Investment Fund (CIF)

5. Nat. GHG Inventory for 2000 (1) GHG Source and Sink Categories CO 2 Emissions CO 2 Removals CH 4 N2ON2O Total, Gg CO 2 e. Energy 2,047.6655.380.753,443.14 Agriculture 875.528.7921,110.82 Land Use Change & Forestry 22,858.73-48,165.8632.060.22-24,565.67 Waste 10.180.05229.24 Total 24,906.39-48,165.86973.149.81217.57 Background 5

6. Nat. GHG Inventory for 2000 (2) Background 6

7. Potential Sectors for GHG Mitigation in Second National Communication 7

8.  Under the baseline total emissions for the energy and transport sector increase from 2,632 GgCO 2 eq. in 2000 to 25,549 Gg CO 2 eq. in 2050  However, emissions per capita remain low relative to neighboring countries, increasing from 0.2 tCO 2 eq./per/y in 2000 to 1.3 tCO 2 eq./per/y in 2050  Fuelwood demand is projected to fall from 49% in 2000 to 13% in 2050  Transport sector is expected to have the largest increase and share of emissions in 2050 at 10.816 Gg. CO 2 eq., followed by the energy industries (electricity generation) with 8,888 Gg. CO 2 eq. Energy and Transport (1) 8

9.  Potential mitigation options include: energy efficiency measures, hydro, solar power, gasification & cogeneration, electric vehicles, efficient cookstoves, biogas digesters, ceramic water filters, etc.  The proposed mitigation options in the energy sector result in the highest reductions – 17% compared to the baseline, or a 3,877 Gg CO 2 eq. reduction by 2050  Scenario analysis indicates a potential range in emission savings from 573 to 7,094 Gg. CO 2 eq. The lower bound estimate relates to short term options financially attractive to the private sector. The maximum emission reduction of 7,094 Gg. CO 2 eq., a 28% reduction relative the baseline, requires a mixture of private sector investment, donor financing and Government policy development. Energy and Transport (2) 9

10.  Overall, emissions are projected to increase from -8,822 GgCO 2 eq. in 2000 to 34,112 in 2050, and consequently the AFOLU sector becomes a net emitter,  Emissions per capita remain low relative to other countries increasing from -0.81 in 2000 to 1.36 tCO 2 eq./capita in 2050  The GHG emissions from the agricultural sector is forecast to almost double, increasing from 21,559 GgCO 2 e in 2000 to 38,601 GgCO 2 e in 2050  Within the agriculture sector, emissions from agricultural soils increase the most (2,362 to 6,362 GgCO 2 e) followed by livestock (4,872 to 10,018 GgCO 2 e) and rice cultivation (14,365 to 22,625 GgCO 2 e). Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use (AFOLU) (1) 10

11.  The LUCF sector remains a net sink, however the sink capacity falls from -30,421 GgCO 2 e in 2000 to -4,836 GgCO 2 e in 2050  From 2005 onwards the LUCF sector is unable to compensate for the emissions in agriculture and the AFOLU sector becomes a net emitter  Example of mitigation options: manure management, biogas, fertilizer switch to sulfated fertilizer, drainage in rainy season, compost/bio-slurry, organic input, crop management, agro-forestry, reforestation, REDD+  If all technically feasible mitigation options are implemented emission can be reduced by 32,521 GgCO 2 e in the agriculture sector and net sinks increased by -20,545 GgCO 2 e in the LUCF sector  The largest abatement potential is in the livestock and LUCF sector. It is therefore intended to focus mitigation activities in these sectors  For all sectors mitigation options are able to halt the trend of increasing emissions except in the agricultural soil sector. Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use (AFOLU) (2) 11

12. RENEWABLE ENERGY SITUATION IN CAMBODIA

13. 13 Background Situation for Renewable Energy Development in Cambodia At present, the development of RE sources in Cambodia is slow in comparing with other countries in the region, because of the lack of experiences, funds, and inadequate data in this field, Current status of RE Technologies in Cambodia mainly in research development and demonstration stages, Renewable Energy will reduce the impact on climate change/ decrease the CO2 emissions and contributed to global warming reduction.

14. 14 Background Situation for Renewable Energy Development in Cambodia (Con’t) Renewable Energy Potential Solar Energy: the average sunshine duration of 6-9 hours per day, giving an average of 5kWh/day. thus, considerable potential of solar energy. Solar Energy: the average sunshine duration of 6-9 hours per day, giving an average of 5kWh/day. thus, considerable potential of solar energy. Wind Energy: The southern part of the great lake Tonle Sap, the mountainous districts in the southwest and the coastal regions, such as Sihanoukville, Kampot,Kep and Koh Kong have the annual average wind speed of 5m/s or greater. The total area around 5%. Wind Energy: The southern part of the great lake Tonle Sap, the mountainous districts in the southwest and the coastal regions, such as Sihanoukville, Kampot,Kep and Koh Kong have the annual average wind speed of 5m/s or greater. The total area around 5%. Hydro: The potentiality (10.000MW, but current contribution to electricity production less than 1%). Hydro: The potentiality (10.000MW, but current contribution to electricity production less than 1%).

15. 15 Renewable Energy Potential Biomass: The report prepared by NEDO on “the Assistance Project for the Establishment of an Energy Master Plan” identified significant biomass energy resources from a variety of agricultural residues such as rice husk., acacia, Cassava Luscenia, Coconut,.. Biomass: The report prepared by NEDO on “the Assistance Project for the Establishment of an Energy Master Plan” identified significant biomass energy resources from a variety of agricultural residues such as rice husk., acacia, Cassava Luscenia, Coconut,.. Biogas: The effectiveness of small scale biogas has been demonstrated in Cambodia by a number of different projects. The use of animal wastes to generate high quality gas for cooking has significant economic, health, social and environment benefits for poor rural households. Biogas: The effectiveness of small scale biogas has been demonstrated in Cambodia by a number of different projects. The use of animal wastes to generate high quality gas for cooking has significant economic, health, social and environment benefits for poor rural households. Biofuel: Jatropha – 200 ha (Fencing), Palm Oil – 4,000 ha (recently) and can be 10, 000 ha and sugar cane 20,000 ha. Biofuel: Jatropha – 200 ha (Fencing), Palm Oil – 4,000 ha (recently) and can be 10, 000 ha and sugar cane 20,000 ha. Background Situation for Renewable Energy Development in Cambodia (Con’t)

16. ENERGY EFFICIENCY SITUATION IN CAMBODIA

17. Objective: to strengthen cooperation in energy efficiency and conservation through Institutional capacity building and increasing private sector involvement including enhancing public awareness as well as expanding markets for energy efficient products Energy audit in building: – OJT for the local engineers (more involvement of the local engineers and giving the opportunity for the engineers from the other ASEAN countries to join the audits) – Collection of more accurate data and information for Energy Management – Identification of the present energy consumption and their own benchmark (Target) – The audits teams take the recommendations for EE&C under the consulting of the Japanese experts through the intensive energy audits Energy Efficiency & Conservation Activities in Cambodia 17

18. Building - Energy Audit Training and Site Visit for building - Seminar-Workshop on Energy Conservation for Buildings in Southeast Asia Industry - Energy Audit training and site visit for Industry - Seminar-Workshop on PROMEEC for Major Industry in South East Asia (2005 Phnom Penh, Cambodiana Hotel) Energy Management - Intensive Seminar Workshop - Site Visit of Factory and Building - Training on Energy Management Handbook EE & C Activities in Cambodia 18

19. ASEAN Energy Cooperation on EE & C ASEAN Energy Awards: Le Royal Hotel (Retrofitted), year 2001, No.10 Angkor Century Hotel (New and Existing), 2003. No.7 Sofitel Angkor Phokeethra Golf & Spa Resort 1.New and Existing, 2002, No.8 2.Retrofitted, 2005, No.3 3.Tropical, 2007, No.2 4.Energy Management, 2009, No.3 EE & C Activities in Cambodia 19

20. Efficient Resource Management - Energy - Cost Efficiently use - Water Minimize - Solid waste - Raw Materials - Wastewater - Air pollution High-return and low-risk investment Higher profits and positive cash-flows Can be achieved at negative cost Improved reliability and productivity Protection of local and global environment Benefit of Resources Management 20

21. 1. EE & C Collecting data of Cambodia end-users in the different economic sector To promote EE & C technologies capacity building for both sectors in Cambodia, public and private To provide economic benefits to the energy end-users through EE & C role (perception among the public and private decision makers) To promote EE products in implementing EE project To translate of ASEAN Energy Management Handbook in National language 2. Standard and Labeling for Energy End-Use To prepare voluntary or mandatory standards, rules and regulations regarding the use of energy To train the customer on some appliances are imported along with the energy performance labels of the country of manufacturing To promote national standard and labeling for Energy End-Use in Cambodia Future Plan 21

22. 1. For EE & C – Need support fund to prepare EE & C policy and regulatory in Cambodia – Need international consultants or advisors to process of EE & C activities in Cambodia – Need to learn experiences on Energy Audit, especially for EE & C success experiences in outside countries 2. Standard and Labeling (S & L) for Energy End-Use – Need to train on Energy End-Use of Standards and Labeling in local and outside countries – Need to cooperate with Cambodian standard Institute on S & L for Energy Efficiency Products (EEP) – Need support fund to promote S & L for EEP in Cambodia, especially for Lighting Ballast, Refrigerator, Air Conditional, Fan,.......etc – To disseminate to all stakeholders and customers on S & L for EEP through training, Seminar, Radio, TV and so on. Request 22

23. Energy Savings Siem Reap – Promoting and Demonstrating Energy Conservation in Siem Reap, Cambodia 23

24. 299,400 EURO Project Title Project Duration Partners Total Budget Energy Savings Siem Reap – Promoting and Demonstrating Energy Conservation in Siem Reap, Cambodia Jan 2011 – December 2012 Ministry of Environment Ministry of Mines and Energy Royal University of Phnom Penh UNEP Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development Cambodian Research Centre for Development EEP Mekong is funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Nordic Development Fund Funding agency Siem Reap Town Target Location 24 About the Project

25. [1] Awareness Raising and Capacity Building [2] Demonstration Target Beneficiary Project Objective Main Activities [1] Solar Water Heater: Public and Private Sector [2] CFL: Residential people in Siem Reap Town To raise awareness of energy efficiency and energy conservation in the context of climate change and sustainable development, and to demonstrate the practical feasibility of simple energy conservation measures by installing solar water heaters in selected sites and distributing CFLs to the general population. 25 About the Project

26. 26 [1] Public Consultation Workshop [2] Development of Awareness Raising Materials [3] Development of Energy Labeling [4] Website Development [5] Awareness Raising Workshop [6] Awareness Raising Campaign [7] Evaluation of GHG Mitigation [8] Installation of SWH [9] Installation of CFL [10] Preparation of PIN Voluntary Carbon [11] Development of Analytical material on Lesson Learnt Project Milestone

27. Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and Solar Water Heaters (SWHs) 27

28. CFLs  August – October 2012  Siem Reap Province: 14 Communes/Quarters(114 Villages)  Siem Reap City: 12 Quarters  Pouk District: 2 Communes  Carbon emission reductions  Distribution of 15,000 lamps of 11W and 15,000 lamps of 14W  Emission reductions: 720 tons CO2/year, or 4321 tons CO2 over the product lifetime of the lamps (six years) 28

29.  November 2012- February 2013: 20 Solar Water Heaters: 5 Hotels 2 Guesthouses 4 Restaurants 29

30. Progress and Current Activities 30

31. 31 CDM Projects Approved by Cambodian DNA Type of project/Year 2006200720082009201020112012Total Biogas 2 114 Hydro power 1 124 Waste/heat gas utilization 1 1 Biomass1 1 Total122111210 Source: MOE, 2012 Progress

32. 32 Integration of Climate Change Responses into National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018  IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND DIVERSIFICATION  FISHERIES REFORM  FORESTRY REFORM  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONSERVATION, AND CLIMATE CHANGE  DISASTER MANAGEMENT  PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT  CAPACITY BUILDING AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT  … Progress

33. 33 Development of CCCSP & CCCAP Progress Vision: Cambodia develops towards a greener, climate resilient, equitable, sustainable and knowledge-based society. MISSION Creating a national framework for engaging public and private sectors, and civil society in a participatory process for responding to climate change to support sustainable development. Timeframe 10 years with 5 years revision in line with NSDP mandate

34. 34 Progress Climate Change Action Plan The CCAP is being developed to support the implementation of Sectoral Climate Change Strategic Plans of line ministries; It will be finalized sooner later in 2014.

35. Current Activities Continue capacity building activities for DNA members within regional and international consultation meetings/dialogs to find appropriate future carbon market mechanisms To explore more inputs from local relevant stakeholders including private sector for any possibility to engage more CDM and CDM PoA in the current situation where demand site of carbon credit is dramatically dropping down to minimum level, Study possibility to link CDM with other new market mechanisms such as NAMA and JCM, and to find appropriate funding mechanisms and supported policy and programs, 35 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

36. – SB has been submitted to CDM EB for approval on 25 September 2012, – The recent update from EB secretary suggested to update data in F-CDM-PSB form so that the submission will be considered at the EB76 in early Nov 2013, 36 Current Activities Developed Standardized Baseline (SB) for rice mill in order to implement PoA

37. 37 Current Activities Under cooperation with OECCC of Japan, CCD started conducting feasibility study on Cambodia NAMA in 2011 National Bio-digester Program was selected for a case study during July 2011- March 2012 National Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA)

38. 38 Current Activities NAMA feasibility study (Aug. 2013-Feb 2014) – Operation of NAMAs Implementation Framework – Information collection for Business-as-usual (BAU) and NAMA – Investigation of BAU and NAMA in energy and transport sector NAMA feasibility study (Aug. 2013-Feb 2014) – Operation of NAMAs Implementation Framework – Information collection for Business-as-usual (BAU) and NAMA – Investigation of BAU and NAMA in energy and transport sector National Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA)

39. 39 Current Activities Project Proposal on developing Joint Crediting Mechanism seeds in the water supply sector in Cambodia What is “Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)”? JCM is a new scheme proposed by the Government of Japan to promote low-carbon societies in developing countries JCM provides developing countries with opportunities to facilitate diffusion of energy saving technologies, products, systems, service and infrastructure Japan hopes to contribute to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions through supporting implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation projects in host countries under the JCM

40. 40 Green Growth Development Current Activities National Strategy Plan on Green Growth 2013-2030 was adopted by RGC on 1 March 2013. The strategy needs to improve green growth by focusing strategic direction includes: 1-Green Investment and Green Jobs Creation 2-Green Economy Management in balance with Environment 3-Blue Economy Development with Sustainability 4-Green Environment and Natural Resources Management 5-Human Resources Development and Green Education 6-Effective Green Technology Management 7-Promotion of a Green Social Safety System 8-Uphold and Protection of Green Cultural Heritage and National Identity 9-Good Governance on Green Growth

41. Way Forward 41

42. 42 Follow Up Activities/Plans Disseminate CCCSP & Keep developing CCAP  Publish and disseminate CCCSP to all stakeholders  Continue to coordinate all line ministries to preparation sectoral climate change action plans and finally, the national climate change action plan  Engage stakeholders including private sector to implement those sectoral and national strategic Plan and Action Plans.

43. 43 Follow Up Activities/Plans Updating GHG inventory team- Moving from Project Base to Institutional Base Approach 1: Development of of plans/strategies for GHG inventory institutional arrangement 2: Capacity building for inventory compilation for GHG Inventory team 3: Implementing plans/strategies for a National Inventory System MoE-USAID Signing ceremony on May 31, 2013

44. 44 Follow Up Activities/Plans Follow up international GHG emission reduction mechanisms/initiatives In following with government position on Climate Change: - Keep continue to find further opportunity with CDM and CDM PoA, - Take consideration and adaption of new market mechanisms, i.e. JCM, and programmes like sectoral NAMA, REDD+, tec., that it could provide both economical and environmental benefits for Cambodia - Encourage/coordinate capacity building and promote appropriate technology transfer

45. 45 Follow Up Activities/Plans Scale up existing potential emission reduction projects/activities -Review existing pilot project activities under various mitigation mechanisms, such as CDM, EEP for potential and scale up - Finding new potential projects within potential sectors as stated in SNC particularly energy and transport, agriculture, forestry and land use, and waste - Engage public and private sectors into mitigation activities, Strengthening existing and Finding cooperation partners IGES, OECC, NEXUS, EEP, UNDP and other potential direct financial partners, i.e. WB, ADB, KfW, etc.,

46. Thank You ! For more information: Climate Change Department, Ministry of Environment 48, Samdech Preah, Sihanouk Bld, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Phone: (855-23)218-370 Fax: (855-23)218-370 E-mail: rith_ccd@yahoo.com www.camclimate.gov.kh A greener Cambodia!