1. Aim: What were the effects of the Crusades on “ Christendom ” and western Europe? The Crusades enabled the Italian City-states fleets to re-conquer their home waters – as well as those held by the Byzantines. The great battles should not be allowed to disguise another major event – the conquest of the Mediterranean ’ s maritime trade routes. Fernand Braudel

2. Significance of Crusades: Economic Expansion $$$ Plunder and looting of Holy Land Building of fleets to carry Crusaders and then trade Enrichment of merchant class – through carrying Crusaders and trade rights with Islamic World Control of Mediterranean Sea trade Reopening of trade with East: Spices, Silks Development of a money economy for trade – undermines manorialism, serfdom, feudalism

3. Significance of Crusades: Increased Power of Kings Military organizations are led by kings National taxation instituted to pay for Crusades and collected by king Nobility exhausts its financial resources fighting far from home

4. Significance of Crusades: Power of the Church Waxes , then Wanes  Europe unifies around the Church ’ s goal Increased status of Church – for a while New ideas from abroad threaten Church ’ s teachings Loss of Holy Lands, failure of later Crusades, diminish Church prestige

5. Significance of the Crusades: Other Culture Knowledge of the Islamic world: Arabic numerals, paper Reintroduction to works of Aristotle, other works of logic

6. New foods: Sugar, Cotton, Rice, Citrus fruits, Apples Significance of the Crusades: Interaction w/ Environment

7. Why the Italian City-States? Where is the best place to leave Europe to go to the “ Holy Land? ”

9. The Venetian Empire

10. What will you sell to the Asians? How will you get it to them?

11. WOOL SILVER FISH

12. European Trading Networks Growth of the Hanseatic League Development of European trade fairs “ Braving ” the Atlantic Ocean

14. Significance of Crusades: Economic Expansion $$$ Plunder and looting of Holy Land Building of fleets to carry Crusaders and then trade Enrichment of merchant class – through carrying Crusaders and trade rights with Islamic World Control of Mediterranean Sea trade Reopening of trade with East: Spices, Silks Development of a money economy for trade – undermines manorialism, serfdom, feudalism

15. Commercial Revolution in Europe C ommodities M oney C ommodities M oney C ommodities M oney From Feudalism:To Capitalism: