1. The Expansive Realm of Islam
Chapter 14
The Expansive Realm of Islam

2. Rise of Islam
Flash Cards
hajj
Qur’an (Koran)

3. Rise of Islam
Flash Cards
Ka’aba
hadiths

4. Rise of Islam
Flash Cards
Shi’a
Sunni

5. Rise of Islam
Flash Cards
hijrah
Umayyads

6. Rise of Islam
Flash Cards
Abbasids
Dar al’Islam

8. The Hijra Muhammad fled to Yathrib (Medina) 622 CE
Year 0 in Muslim calendar
Communal society (umma)
Legal, spiritual code
Commerce, raids on Meccan caravans for sake of umma

9. The Quran Revelations rec’d during visions Written down c. 650 CE
Tradition of Muhammad’s life: hadith

10. The Ka’aba

11. The Five Pillars of Islam
No god but Allah
Daily prayer
Fasting during Ramadan
Charity
Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

12. Jihad “struggle” Against inner turmoil Against vice
Against ignorance of Islam

13. Islamic Law: The Sharia
Codification of Islamic law
Based on Quran, hadith, logical schools of analysis
Extends beyond ritual law to all areas of human activity

14. The Expansion of Islam Successful attacks on:
Byzantium
Sassanid territories
Difficult to govern rapidly expanding territory

15. The expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E.

16. Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE) From Meccan merchant class
Capital: Damascus, Syria
Associated with Arab military aristocracy

17. Policy toward Conquered Peoples
Favoritism of Arab military rulers
Limited social mobility for non-Arab Muslims
Head tax on non-Muslims
Umayyads live in luxury

18. The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE)
Abu al-Abbas
Sunni Arab
Allied with Shia & non-Arab Muslims
Seizes control of Persia and Mesopotamia
Defeats Umayyad army in 750
Invited Umayyads, then massacred them

19. Abbasid Administration
Persian influence
Court at Baghdad
Influence of Islamic scholars

20. Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786-809 CE)
High point of Abbasid dynasty
Baghdad center of commerce
Great cultural activity

21. Abbasid Decline Civil war between sons of Harun al-Rashid
Provincial governers assert regional independence
Dissenting sects, heretical movements
Abbasid caliphs become puppets of Persian nobility
Later, Saljuq Turks influence, Sultan real power behind the throne

22. Economy of the Early Islamic World
Spread of food and industrial crops
Trade routes from India to Spain
Western diet adapts to wide variety
New crops adapted
Agricultural sciences develop
Cotton, paper industries develop
Major cities emerge

23. Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Historical precedent of Arabic trade
Dar al-Islam encompasses silk routes
ice exported from Syria to Egypt in summer, 10th century
Camel caravans
Maritime trade

24. Banking and Trade Scale of trade causes banks to develop
Sakk (“check”)
Uniformity of Islamic law throughout dar al-Islam promotes trade
Joint ventures common

25. Changing Status of Women
Quran improves status of women
Outlawed female infanticide
Brides, not husbands, claim dowries
Yet male dominance preserved
Patrilineal descent
Polygamy permitted, Polyandry forbidden
Veil adopted from ancient Mesopotamian practice

26. Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Islamic values
Uniformity of Islamic law in dar al-Islam
Establishment of madrasas
Importance of the Hajj
Sufi missionaries
Asceticism, mysticism
Some tension with orthodox Islamic theologians
Wide popularity

27. Cultural influences on Islam
Persia
Adminstration and governance
literature
India
Mathematics, science, medicine
“Hindi” numbers
Greece
Philosophy, esp. Aristotle
Ibn Rushd/Averroes ( )