1. ADP, ATP, and Cellular Respiration

2. What is ATP?
Energy Used by all cells
Adenosine Triphosphate

3. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking off one Phosphate.
This requires and enzyme called ATPase
ATP Hydrolysis

4. ATP Needs to Be Re-made and Recycled
To do this, and another enzyme called ATP synthase is used to reconnect a phosphate.
ATP Synthesis

6. ATP is Made During Cellular Respiration
Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O ATP’s
Cell Respiration happens in three stages

7. Glycolysis Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic ( Does NOT use Oxygen)
Requires input of 2 ATP molecules
Splits Glucose into to molecules of Pyruvate
Produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 molecules of pyruvate.
(Energy Carriers)

8. Glucose

9. Glycolysis
ATP
No Oxygen
Oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation
ATP

10. Fermentation
Occurs when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic)
Lactic Acid Fermentation in muscle cells (tired muscles)- converts pyruvates to lactic acid.
Alcohol Fermentation converts pyruvates to ethyl alcohol. (basics of wine and beer)
Produces 2 ATP’s

11. Glycolysis
ATP
No Oxygen
Oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation
ATP

12. Stages of Cellular Respiration
When Oxygen is present!
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

13. The Mitochondria

14. Endosymbiosis Theory
The theory of endosymbiosis proposes that the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells descended from ancestors of infection-causing bacteria.

15. Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle
If Oxygen is present Pyruvate enters the mitochondria
Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce 2 ATP
Produces 2 ATP’s, 3NADH, and 2 CO2

18. Electron Transport Chain
Occurs across inner mitochondrial membrane when oxygen is present.
34 ATP and H2O produced
Uses NADH and e- from glycolysis and Krebs cycle to create ATP’s and H2O

20. C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O ATP’s