1. Welcome to Class Write down the four eras (put them in the correct order)

2. Agenda for Today Hand back tests-go over –Correct tests Go over periods and epoch (notes) Create a travel brochure

3. Change Over Time Scientists have discovered evidence of livings things changing over time evolution - inheritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next –development of new types of organisms from preexisting organisms –Evolution occurs by natural selection Major geologic and climatic changes can affect the ability of some organisms to survive. Use geologic evidence to determine how environmental changes affected organisms in the past.

5. Paleozoic Era Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian

6. Cambrian Marine invertebrates-trilobites, brachiopods Other organisms include jellyfish, worms, snails, and sponges Ordovician Brachiopods and mollusks started to thrive Vertebrates appear – jawless fish

7. Silurian Sea stars and coral Land plants appear Devonian Many fish appear-bony, some could breathe air, others possibly made it to land Ferns, horsetails abundant

8. Carboniferous Warm Forests, swamps cover most of the area Fish and amphibians First Vertebrates on land Permian Pangea comes together –Lose the seas=mass extinction –Reptiles and amphibians survive

9. Mesozoic Era Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous

10. Triassic Dinosaurs present Ammonite fossil common = index fossil Jurassic 2 groups of dinosaurs evolved –saurischians, or “lizard- hipped” –Ornithischians, or “bird– hipped”

11. Cretaceous Common Cretaceous dinosaurs were T-Rex, the ankylosaurs, the ceratopsians, and the hadrosaurs Flowering plants appeared Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction No dino fossils found after Cretaceous Impact Theory

12. Cenozoic Era Quaternary –Pleistocene –Holocene Tertiary –Paleocene –Eocene –Oligocene –Miocene –Pliocene

13. Paleocene and Eocene Epochs New mammals, such as rodents, evolved Early ancestors of the horse, whales, flying squirrels, and bats, evolved Temp dropped 4ºC at the end of the Eocene

14. Oligocene and Miocene Epochs Became significantly cooler and drier –Antarctic icecap began to form Early mammals became extinct Large species of deer, pigs, horses, camels, cats, dogs Grasses, cone-bearing, and hardwood trees

15. Pliocene Epoch Animals such as bears, dogs, and cats, evolved into modern forms Herbivores flourished Continental ice sheets began to spread –Bering land bridge and the Central American land bridge formed = migration

16. Pleistocene Epoch Ice sheets advanced and retreated several times –Animals need thick fur –Migrated to warmer regions –Became extinct Fossils of modern humans were discovered –Evidence they hunted

17. Holocene Epoch Began as the last glacial period ended –ice sheets melted, sea level rose about 140 m, and the coastlines took on their present shapes Modern humans develop agriculture and began to make and use tools made of metal

18. Create a Travel Brochure Pick 1 period or epoch Include information about the environmental conditions, animals, and plants Make it colorful and creative –You want people to travel there Use Page 218-226 www.kendricknovak.wikispaces.com