2. Body Type and Different Weights

3. Learning Objectives Understand the effects of under and over eating Know the different somatotypes and how they link to sporting activities Develop understanding of what effects optimum weight

4. Question 1

5. What is blood shunting? A Where all your blood gets redirected to the working muscles during exercise B Redistribution of blood flow before exercise C Redistribution of blood flow during exercise D Where all your blood gets redirected to your digestive system during exercise

6. What is blood shunting? A Where all your blood gets redirected to the working muscles during exercise B Redistribution of blood flow before exercise C Redistribution of blood flow during exercise D Where all your blood gets redirected to your digestive system during exercise

7. £2000

8. Question 2

9. BMI is calculated by...? A weight ÷ (height x height) B weight x (height ÷ height) C height x (weight ÷ weight) D height ÷ (weight x weight)

10. BMI is calculated by...? A weight ÷ (height x height) B weight x (height ÷ height) C height x (weight ÷ weight) D height ÷ (weight x weight)

11. £4000

12. Question 3

13. Optimum weight is described as...? A ideal weight – not effecting success B poor weight – giving best chance for success C ideal weight – giving best chance for success D ideal weight – not effecting chance for success

14. Optimum weight is described as...? A ideal weight – not effecting success B poor weight – giving best chance for success C ideal weight – giving best chance for success D ideal weight – not effecting chance for success

15. £8000

16. Question 4

17. What is carboloading? A Eating more carbohydrates during competition B Eating more carbohydrates before competition C Eating only carbohydrates before competition D Eating carbohydrates after competition

18. What is carboloading? A Eating more carbohydrates during competition B Eating more carbohydrates before competition C Eating only carbohydrates before competition D Eating carbohydrates after competition

19. £16,000

20. Question 5

21. What is the effect of carboloading? A Eating food that are high in bulk fills you up before you compete B Improves performance because we are balanced by all nutrients C Eating foods that decrease our weight and build muscle D Eating foods that allow as store of glycogen to build up in our body

22. What is the effect of carboloading? A Eating food that are high in bulk fills you up before you compete B Improves performance because we are balanced by all nutrients C Eating foods that decrease our weight and build muscle D Eating foods that allow as store of glycogen to build up in our body

23. £32,000

24. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 £1 Million £500000 £250000 £125000 £64000 £32000 £16000 £8000 £4000 £2000 £1000 £500 £300 £200 £100

25. The effects of under and over eating Weight Gain Weight Maintained Weight Loss If the calorie intake exceeds the energy expended If calorie intake is balanced with energy used If more energy is expended and less calories are taken in

26. Degrees of being overweight OVERWEIGHT OVERFAT OBESE Heavier than average of gender, height, build. Not necessarily a threat to health – muscle? Direct effect on health High level of fat Can lead to obesity related disease High blood pressure, heart attack? Abnormally fat - 20% Health risks - diabetes, heart disease In extremes - can be fatal

27. Degrees of being underweight UNDERWEIGHT ANOREXIC 10% under optimum weight Some naturally underweight Others try to be underweight to help their sport Anorexia nervosa See themselves as fat so don't eat Obsessive state of mind Depression, kidney/liver damage, death Irregular periods, risk of injury, fatigue, osteoporosis

28. Task Look at the images below and think about the characteristics of each body type (shoulders, hips, body fat, muscles) RESEARCH: What are the 3 somatotyopes called? List at least 3 sports or sporting positions that are most suited to these body shapes.

29. A mesomorph body shape has the following characteristics:  Wide shoulders.  Narrow hips.  Muscular body, arms and legs.  Very little body fat. The word ‘Muscular’ will help you remember the body shape of a Mesomorph. Mesomorph

30. The ectomorph body shape has the following characteristics:  Narrow body.  Thin body, arms and legs.  Little body fat.  Very little muscle. The word ‘Thin’ will help you remember the body shape of an ecTomorph. Ectomorph

31. An endomorph body shape has the following characteristics :  Wide hips  Narrow shoulders  Fat arms and legs  Fat body The word ‘Dumpy’ will help you remember the body shape of an enDomorph. Endomorph

32. Why does Optimum Weight vary? Height  Tall people = greater optimum weight;  Due to higher percentage of bone. Bone Structure  Body frame (broad/ narrow) will influence weight.  Physically active children have more layers of bone, therefore increasing bone density and weight. Gender  M and F have different body fat percentages.  Average body fat: 20% M 30% F Muscle girth  Muscle weighs more than fat.

33. 1) Optimum Weight 2) Anorexic 3) Obese 4) Overfat 5) Overweight 6) Underweight A) People who are very overfat. B) Weighing less than is normal, healthy or required. C) More bodyfat than needed. D) Ideal weight for a person. E) Prolonged weight loss eating disorder. Due to obsessive control of food intake. F) Having weight in excess of normal (not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness). MUST: Match the terms with the descriptions SHOULD: State the somatotype for each term. COULD: State the BMI category for term.

34. Skin-fold calliper Fat % Thickness of a fold of skin with its underlying layer of fat Ii Fat layer = just below top layer off skin Fat = good insulator Varies with age and gender Babies + women = thicker layers than men Both sexes can increase fat ratio as get older Men = middle Women = thighs and buttocks Measuring Fat