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Zhangbu Xu (BNL) Ming Shao (USTC) eSTAR Concept Kinematics and Acceptance eSTAR Detector Simulations Why GTRD GEM TRD detector R&D progress Summary GEM Based TRD R&D Progress
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2 Physics Deliverables (EIC whitepaper) 1.Proton Spin 2.Motion of partons 3.Imagining 4.Dense Gluonic QCD matter 5.Quark Hadronization
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3 RHIC: eight key unanswered questions Hot QCD Matter Partonic structure 6: Spin structure of the nucleon 7: How to go beyond leading twist and collinear factorization? 8: What are the properties of cold nuclear matter? 1: Properties of the sQGP 2: Mechanism of energy loss: weak or strong coupling? 3: Is there a critical point, and if so, where? 4: Novel symmetry properties 5: Exotic particles
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4 Current STAR Experiment MRPC ToF Barrel BBC PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC Barrel EMC End Cap DAQ1000 FGT COMPLETE Ongoing MTD R&D HFT TPC FHC HLT pp2pp’ triggercomputing
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5 STAR Concept Large Coverage Low Material Electron and hadron ID with gas detector and TOF, EMC Extend this concept to hadron direction GEM tracker (VFGT) Forward Calorimetry Extend this concept to electron direction Re-instrument inner TPC TRD+TOF Crystal Calorimeter (BSO) Evolution, not a revolution!
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6 DIS – eSTAR Kinematics Resolution! Jets PID ugprade x
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7 STAR Upgrade --- Huan Huang STAR forward instrumentation upgrade Forward instrumentation optimized for p+A and transverse spin physics – Charged-particle tracking – e/h and γ/π 0 discrimination – Baryon/meson separation eSTAR specific upgrades: EToF: e, π, K identification, ETRD: electron ID and hadron tracking BSO: 5 GeV, 10 GeV electron beams Re-instrument HFT FHC (E864) ~ 6 GEM disks Tracking: 2.5 < η < 4 RICH/Threshold Baryon/meson separation? nucleus electron >2016 W-Powder EMCal FHC (E864) Pb-Sc HCal Forward Calorimeter System (FCS) BSO iTPC ETTIE
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8 Proven STAR Capabilities
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9 Simulation Geometry
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10 A Pythia Simulation Event Only TPC and ETTIE are shown
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11 Occupancy and pile-up ii) Beam speciesSqrt(s)Peak Luminosity (cm -2 s -1 ) Cross section (cm 2 ) Nch/d Track density (dNch/d MHz) Hit density impact hit finding Space charge impact tracking e+p5x25010 34 10 -28 0.7 Au+Au100x1005x10 27 7x10 -24 1616MinorCorrected to good precision p+p100x1005x10 31 3x10 -26 23MinorCorrected to good precision p+p250x2501.5x10 32 4x10 -26 318Significant for inner Corrected to acceptable DIS: Q 2 ~>1 GeV 2 QED α=1/137 and low multiplicity an order of magnitude lower pile-up than RHIC
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12 eSTAR Acceptance 5x25010x250 GEANT Simulation with eSTAR geometry Inclusive Acceptance: Scattered Electron in x-Q 2 TPC hits>15 BSO and TRD Efficiency assumed 90%
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13 x-Q 2 coverage (with x resolution <20%) Energy resolution A ep 10+250ep 5+250 iTPC+TRD p T =2GeV/c Without iTPC without vertex
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14 First Stage eRHIC electron/hadron PID Electron coverage: 1>eta>-2.5 PID e/h: 1000 Low material: photon conversion e h INT report (arXiv:1108.1713) Fig.7.18.
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15 TPC Inner Sector Upgrade Staggered readout Only 13 maximum possible points Issues in Tracking: recognition and resolution Only reads ~20% of possible gas path length Inner sectors essentially not used in dE/dx Essentially limits TPC effective acceptance to |η|<1 Inner TPC Upgrade: 1. MWPC (SDU/SINAP) ATLAS sTGC Chinese 973 project 2. Mechanics (LBL/BNL) Eric Anderson 3. Electronics (BNL/ALICE) 4. Schedule (2017) =±1 =±1.2 =±2
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16 TRD+TOF at Endcap (-2< <-1) Inner tracking TPC (endcap region): TRD + TOF/Absorber sandwich Within <70cm space inside endcap TOF as start-time for BTOF and MTD TOF + dE/dx for electron ID TOF for hadron PID Extend track pathlength with precise points High-precision dE/dx (Xe+CO2) TRD Ming Shao (USTC) TPC IP Inner Tracking Iron Endcap TRD TOF / Absorber
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17 GEM based TRD – R&D Advantage Few ion feedback to drift volume High rate Better position resolution Less space charge effect dE/dx Drift along magnetic field ALICE TRD Readout: MWPC -> GEM Multiple time bin readout New type thick GEM 0.2mm 0.5mm Prototype TRD with miniDrift GEM (27 time bins) Cosmic ray test results Plan test beam at FermiLab with other EIC R&D projects in October (T1037) Setups at USTC and BNL
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18 Pathlength and dE/dx Gas volume for tracking and dE/dx dE/dx important for electron and hadron PID TR is part of dE/dx in tracking Page 3 committee Report TRD alone
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19 dE/dx is crucial in PID Andronic et al. NIMA 2004 silicon followed by a straw tube/TR system? To what extent is the TPC tracking sufficient for this as part of an electron ID system?
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20 Students in the Lab Shuai YangSabita Das
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21 WTRD and GTRD Checking the data match of wire chamber and TGEM Wire Chamber: STAR TPC readout (107ns per time bin) GEM: STAR FGT/GMT APV readout (26.7ns per time bin)
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22 Sigma of residual (regular GEM: 200μm, Thick GEM(thin gap): 300μm) (with thin gap) Cosmic Ray Tracking(online)
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23 GEM based TRD Cosmic Ray Test System y z x GEM0 GEM1(TGEM) GEM2 Three GEMs are aligned (Δx=0; Δy=0) 23 10.5cm 12.3cm 51.0cm (0,0,0)
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24 Cosmic Ray Tracking(online) TGEM(thick gap) X- axis:strip Y- axis:pad TGEM’s HV = 3650V
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25 Gain uniformity and stability Test at Yale with Fe source Results with cosmic ray
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26 HV Scan and Drift Velocity Measurements comparisons ALICE Wire TRD Results from journal
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27 Tracklet Reconstruction TGEM Search one cluster for each time bin(the APV has 27 time bin; 26.7ns/tb) Calculate the x(y) of cluster using Center of gravity method for each selected time bin If the cluster number of one event >=3, fit these points to obtain the slope. x(y) v*time bin number Slope obtained from TGEM v is the TGEM drift velocity Meetings discussing the methods
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28 Tracking Slope in x tgem_slopex1: using the method 1 to obtain slope02_x = (x 0 – x 2 ) / (z 0 – z 2 ) The thickness of ionization gap is ~ 1cm, so the resolution of slope provided by TGEM is consistent with TGEM’s spatial resolution
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29 Tracking Slope in y
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30 USTC Test Stand Copper shield THGEM Rail HV, Shaper X-ray source Yi Zhou, Prof. Ming Shao, Cheng Li, Hongfang Chen
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31 THGEM foils IHEP (8 tested)
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32 Plans Radiator from ALICE (GSI) Design new gas box (BNL/Yale) Test beam at FermiLab T1037: consortium EIC Tracking and PID USTC/IHEP: large foil New APV readout: IU The various groups should talk to each other even more.
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33 Summary Progress on TRD cosmic ray test results: Gain uniformity Stability Tracklet with Drift volume for TRD Angular Resolution eSTAR a possible option for first-stage EIC detector (Electron E<~10 GeV) Need forward upgrades for eSTAR GEM based TRD a good option for endcap to extend tracking and PID R&D projects and EIC simulation in progress
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34 Tracking with Kalman Filter ii) ~ -1.2 p T = 1GeV/c 10 MC tracks STAR Computing Group: in progress TRD TPC Other upgrades possible improve the tracking resolution: Inner TPC Upgrade Precision Tracker at |r|<50cm
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35 iTPC Benefit to electron ID Improve dE/dx resolution and acceptance
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36 Improve electron PID with iTPC Purity, Efficiency, acceptance Bingchu Huang
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37 Last Committee report 1) Future presentations on this work would benefit from a written text summarizing the results and referencing the prior reports and milestones. 2) The Committee heard a number of proposals for forward tracking and PID, some using GEMs in a number of functions. It would be good to understand the extent to which these various efforts are in synergy, are mutually exclusive, utilize overlapping technology, or are in some sort of collaboration already. 3) To what extent is the TPC tracking sufficient for this as part of an electron ID system? Would additional tracking layers, as part of a larger GEM (or other) system, have some advantage? Is there room for such additional layers? 4) What is the optimization of TRD, including the number of measurements, efficiency vs rejection, and use of other tracking layers in the available space? 5) The ATLAS tracking uses silicon followed by a straw tube/TR system. Conceptually there is some relationship to the present proposal. Can you learn anything from the ATLAS experience to help you better understand the usefulness or design of the system proposed here?
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