2. A Review of the Elements & Principles of Art AVI3M

3. In the arts, even though we use many different materials, the visual appearance can be reduced to seven elements of design. They are line, shape, form, space, value, color and texture. They are what we organize. They are the tools. In the arts, even though we use many different materials, the visual appearance can be reduced to seven elements of design. They are line, shape, form, space, value, color and texture. They are what we organize. They are the tools. The principles of design are how we organize or use the tools. The principles of design are balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, contrast, rhythm and unity. The principles of design are how we organize or use the tools. The principles of design are balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, contrast, rhythm and unity. Let us begin the slide show Let us begin the slide show

4. Line Line – a defined mark with length and direction created by a point that moves across a surface. Line – a defined mark with length and direction created by a point that moves across a surface. Lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal, straight or curved, thick or thin. Lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal, straight or curved, thick or thin.

5. The Elements…

6. Shape Shape - a closed line. Shape - a closed line. Shapes are flat and can express length and width. Shapes are flat and can express length and width. Shapes can be geometric, like the squares in Mondrian’s artwork Shapes can be geometric, like the squares in Mondrian’s artwork Shapes can also be organic, like free-formed shapes or natural shapes exemplified by Joan Miro. Shapes can also be organic, like free-formed shapes or natural shapes exemplified by Joan Miro.

7. Space Space - the area around, between, above, below or within objects. Space - the area around, between, above, below or within objects. Two types of space: Two types of space: POSITIVE- example on top right by Rene Magritte POSITIVE- example on top right by Rene Magritte NEGATIVE – example on bottom right also by Magritte. NEGATIVE – example on bottom right also by Magritte.

8. Value How light or dark something appears How light or dark something appears Tint: Creating a lighter tone by adding white to a pigment Tint: Creating a lighter tone by adding white to a pigment Shade: Creating a darker tone by adding black Shade: Creating a darker tone by adding black Example at top by Carravagio- excellent example of chiroscuro (drastic instance of light and dark- ULTIMATE value) Example at top by Carravagio- excellent example of chiroscuro (drastic instance of light and dark- ULTIMATE value) Example at bottom by Ferdinand Leger. Adding these will make two- dimensional objects "look" like they are three-dimensional. Example at bottom by Ferdinand Leger. Adding these will make two- dimensional objects "look" like they are three-dimensional.

9. Form Form – the 3- dimensionality of an object. It has length, width and depth. Form – the 3- dimensionality of an object. It has length, width and depth. Implied form – using a range of values can suggest form. Implied form – using a range of values can suggest form. Actual form - a sculpture by Jana Sterbek is an example of pushing limits to the max (i.e. the female form as a true translation of a meat market) Actual form - a sculpture by Jana Sterbek is an example of pushing limits to the max (i.e. the female form as a true translation of a meat market)

10. Colour Colour is light reflected off objects. Colour is light reflected off objects. Colour has three main characteristics: hue or its name (red, green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright or dull it is). Colour has three main characteristics: hue or its name (red, green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright or dull it is). Primary- those colours that cannot be made by mixing others (R,B, Y) Primary- those colours that cannot be made by mixing others (R,B, Y) Secondary- mixing primary colours to get others (O, P, G) Secondary- mixing primary colours to get others (O, P, G) Complementary- colours across front each other on the wheel (R+G, O+B, P+Y) Complementary- colours across front each other on the wheel (R+G, O+B, P+Y) Analogous- colours beside each other on the wheel Analogous- colours beside each other on the wheel

11. Texture Texture - the surface quality that can be seen and/or felt Texture - the surface quality that can be seen and/or felt Actual texture – Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson. Example of land art (man made influence- often impermanent- on land for viewing purposes). Actual texture – Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson. Example of land art (man made influence- often impermanent- on land for viewing purposes). Implied texture – Example of Winnie Truong Implied texture – Example of Winnie Truong

12. The Principles…

13. Balance Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side. Example of Georgia O’Keefe In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side. Example of Georgia O’Keefe In asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. (Example shown left by Mary Pratt- east coast Canadian- The weight of the plate, one jar and massive shadow/ table space on left half balances out the 3 jars and aluminum foil on the right. In asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. (Example shown left by Mary Pratt- east coast Canadian- The weight of the plate, one jar and massive shadow/ table space on left half balances out the 3 jars and aluminum foil on the right. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

14. Rhythm Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing. Types of rhythm = random, regular, alternating, flowing and progressive Types of rhythm = random, regular, alternating, flowing and progressive Example to left shows Munch’s Scream exemplifying flowing in particular Example to left shows Munch’s Scream exemplifying flowing in particular

15. Movement Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the artwork, often to focal areas Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the artwork, often to focal areas 3 types of movement: 3 types of movement: - Kinetic (art moves) - Implied (looks like it is moving in 2D- like Degas’ dancers left) - Sympathetic (audience must walk around art)

16. Emphasis Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention Can be achieved with contrast of elements, changes in proportion, or placement of the element Can be achieved with contrast of elements, changes in proportion, or placement of the element In Mary Cassatt’s painting, The Letter, the envelope is the emphasis because of it’s contrast against the patterned background and its placement in the centre of the composition In Mary Cassatt’s painting, The Letter, the envelope is the emphasis because of it’s contrast against the patterned background and its placement in the centre of the composition

17. Contrast Refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama. Refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama.

18. Pattern Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the artwork. Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the artwork. Left is a VERY literal repetition of the an iconic symbol for power- the American flag Left is a VERY literal repetition of the an iconic symbol for power- the American flag Example by Jasper Johns Example by Jasper Johns

19. Unity Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the artwork creating a sense of completeness. Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the artwork creating a sense of completeness. Van Gogh’s ‘ Bedroom at Arles’ shows a convergence of lines, perspective, a complementary colour scheme (O + B), repetition of shapes (i.e. brush strokes & rectangles in frames etc)- many elements to make the entire piece come together Van Gogh’s ‘ Bedroom at Arles’ shows a convergence of lines, perspective, a complementary colour scheme (O + B), repetition of shapes (i.e. brush strokes & rectangles in frames etc)- many elements to make the entire piece come together

20. The End