1. Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System:
Heart and Blood Vessels
Lecture Outline
Part 3
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2. How is blood pressure categorized?
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
How is blood pressure categorized? 2

3. What is important about blood flow?
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
What is important about blood flow?
Blood flow is under the highest pressure in the arteries but remember the thick, muscular walls.
Blood flow is slower in the capillaries which is important to allow time for exchange between cells.
Blood pressure is minimal in the veins and venules but blood flow increases. 3

4. Blood flow (starting from heart)
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
What is important about blood flow?
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arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
total
cross-sectional
area of vessels
blood
pressure
velocity
Relative magnitude
Blood flow (starting from heart)
Figure 5.8 Blood velocity and
pressure in the blood vessels. 4

5. 5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
If blood pressure is so low in the veins, why does the blood flow increase?
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to heart
to heart
They have help.
1. Skeletal muscle contraction
2. Breathing
3. Valves
a. Contracted skeletal
muscle pushes blood
past open valve.
b. Closed valve prevents
backward flow of blood.
Figure 5.9 The skeletal muscle pump. 5

6. What are the 2 cardiovascular pathways in the body?
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
What are the 2 cardiovascular pathways in the body?
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CO2 O2
head and arms
jugular vein
(also subclavian
vein from arms)
carotid artery
(also subclavian
artery to arms)
_____________ – the right side of the heart that brings blood from the body to the heart and the lungs
_____________ – the left side of the heart that brings blood to the entire body to deliver nutrients and rid it of wastes
CO2 O2 O2
CO2
lungs
pulmonary
artery
pulmonary
vein
superior
vena cava
aorta
heart
inferior
vena cava
hepatic
vein
intestinal
artery
liver
digestive
tract
hepatic
portal
vein
renal
artery
renal
vein
kidneys
iliac vein
iliac
artery
Figure Overview of the cardiovascular system.
CO2 O2
trunk and legs 6

7. 5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
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common
carotid artery
external
jugular vein
internal
jugular vein
subclavian
artery
superior
vena cava
subclavian
vein
inferior
vena cava
renal artery
renal vein
abdominal
aorta
inferior
mesenteric
artery
mesenteric
vein
common
iliac artery
common
iliac vein
femoral
artery
femoral
vein
great
sphenoid
vein
Figure The major arteries
and veins of the systemic circuit.

8. The heart’s blood supply: Coronary circulation
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
The heart’s blood supply: Coronary circulation
There are small coronary arteries that supply the heart.
They are __________ from the systemic and pulmonary pathways of the body. 8

9. What is the hepatic portal system?
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
What is the hepatic portal system?
It is a system that brings amino acid- and glucose-rich blood from the digestive tract to the _____.
The liver synthesizes blood proteins and stores the glucose as glycogen.
The liver also plays a role in __________ blood from the digestive tract.
Finally, the blood will return to the heart via the _____________. 9

10. 5.6 Exchange at the Capillaries
Exchange at the capillary beds is primarily a result of osmotic and blood pressure
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from heart
to heart
Arterial End
Blood pressure is higher
than osmotic pressure.
Net pressure out.
Venous End
Osmotic pressure is higher
than blood pressure.
Net pressure in.
Tissue Fluid
oxygen
amino
acids
carbon
dioxide
glucose
water
wastes
water
salt
plasma
protein
osmotic pressure
smooth
muscle fiber
blood pressure
arteriole
venule
Figure The movement of solutes in a capillary bed. 10

11. Exchange at the capillaries
Lymphatic capillary beds lie alongside capillary beds.
When lymphatic capillaries take up excess fluid it becomes lymph.
Lymph returns to the cardiovascular veins in the chest.
Precapillary sphincters can shut down a blood capillary, and blood then flows through the shunt.

12. Exchange at the capillaries
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arteriole
tissue
cells
lymphatic
capillary
blood
capillary
lymphatic
duct
venule
Figure Interaction of lymphatic and capillary beds.

13. Why should we care about cardiovascular disease?
5.7 Cardiovascular Disorders
Why should we care about cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most
common cause of _______ in the Western
world. 13