1. Structures that perform specific functions within the cell
CELL ORGANELLES
Structures that perform specific functions within the cell

2. I. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Outer layer around cell
Separates cell from outer environment
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Allows cell to interact with environment
Receive messages and get rid of wastes

4. Hydrophilic – “water-loving”
Hydrophobic – “water-fearing”

5. PROTEINS

6. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Three types of Proteins
Cell markers
Receptors
Transport or channel

7. NUCLEUS

8. II. Nucleus Nuclear envelope –double membrane surrounds nucleus
Stores DNA
Nucleolus – dense area of DNA
makes ribosomes

9. MITOCHONDRIA

10. III. Mitochondria Energy center “Powerhouse” of the cell
Turns food (glucose) into usable energy (ATP)
Site of Cellular Respiration

11. IV. Ribosomes Roughly spherical Made of RNA and protein Make protein
Some are free. Others are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

14. V. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Tubes and sacs called cisternae
Transport, “intracellular highway”
Helps maintain homeostasis
Rough ER = ribosomes
Produces phospholipids & proteins
Smooth ER = no ribosomes
Builds lipids such as cholesterol

16. VI. Golgi Apparatus Like a factory Receives sacs from ER
Processes, packages and secretes proteins
Sends “product” out by vesicles

18. VI. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes
Causes organelles or cells that are not functioning properly to die (autolysis)
Some digest material brought into cell
Monomers of four macromolecules

19. VII. Other Vesicles
Peroxisomes – breakdown alcohol and kill bacteria (liver and kidney)
Glyoxysomes – convert stored fats to energy in plants
Food vacuoles – stores nutrients

20. VIII. CYTOSKELETON Microtubules Microfilaments – help in movement
Cilia and Flagella – hairlike structures that create movement

21. D. Centrioles Consists of 2 short cylinders of microtubules
(hold organelles in place, maintains cell shape)
Important during cell division
Animals only