1. Cell Organelles and Organization

2. Two Major Types of Cells
Prokaryote- organisms that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants and animals) and membrane bound organelles as well as other cell structures

3. Cellular Organization
Cells are diverse in their size and shape and type
All cells are made up of some basic parts
A boundary
An interior substance
A control center

4. Cell Membrane Also called Plasma Membrane Location: Outside perimeter
Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals
Function: controls what enter and leaves the cell

5. Structure of Cell Membrane
Selectively Permeable:
picks and chooses what is allowed to enter/exit

6. Cytoplasm
Location: Jelly-like substance in between cell membrane and nucleus
Plants and Animals & Prokaryotes
Function: metabolism

7. Nucleus
Plants and Animals
Function: Control center for metabolism and reproduction

8. Chromatin/Chromosomes
Inside nucleus
Plants and Animals
Function: DNA

9. Nuclear Envelope: Surrounds the nucleus Plants and Animals
Allows things to enter and exit nucleus

10. Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Plants and Animals
Function: makes ribosomes

11. Ribosomes
Plants and Animals
Function: makes proteins

12. Cell Wall Location: outside perimeter Found in prokaryotes and plants
Function: gives cells its shape and protection

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Plants and Animals
Function: highway of cell; moves material from one end to the next

15. Two Types:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): ribosomes attached
Smooth ER: no ribosomes

16. Goligi Bodies or Complex
Plants and Animals
Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes
Membrane bound sacs that modify and transport proteins to parts of the cell

17. Lysosome Plants and Animals
Garbage disposal; break down/digests food or bacteria

18. Mitochondria Plants and Animals Powerhouse of cell
Produces energy for the cell

19. Microtubules
Eukaryotes (plants and animals)
Gives cell shape

20. Microfilaments
Eukaryotes (plants and animals)
Involved with cell movement

21. Cilia and Flagella
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants and animals)
Function: Hair-like structures for movement

22. Cilia and Flagella
Cilia
Flagella

23. Vacuoles
Plants: one large one
Animals: several small ones
Function: isolating threats, containing wastes, materials like ions, water(similar to sponge)

24. Plastids Plants only Two types: Leucoplasts: starch storage
Chromoplasts: pigments for color

25. Chloroplast
Type of chromoplast
Contains chlorophyll; site for photosynthesis
Grana and stoma are part of chloroplast

26. Endosymbiosis
Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were really once bacteria or prokaryotes

27. Centrioles
Inside cells
animals
Function: cellular division

28. Organization of Cells in Living Things:

29. Unicellular Organisms
Example: bacteria, fungi, algae
Able to carry on all life processes
Usually colonial organisms

30. Multicellular Organisms
Cells---Tissues---Organ---Organ Systems

31. Tissue
Group of cells that are similar and perform same function
Types: epithelial (skin), connective (bone), and muscle to name a few

32. Organ
Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
EX: Stomach, Liver

33. Organ System
Group of organs that work together to perform a function
EX: digestive system

34. Critical Thinking Question
Why do you think the cells of all multicellular organisms are specialized?