1. Cell Organelles and Functions

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Prokaryotic – simple, single celled organisms that have NO (rhymes with Pro-) true nucleus. Genetic material not separated from rest of cell by any membrane.
Can exist in a large range of environments.
They can live in hot, harsh temperatures
They can live without oxygen
Some can even make their own food
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Eukaryotic – cells that contain a true nucleus. (YOU (sounds like Eu-) have a nucleus)
Genetic material separated from rest of cell by a membrane
Considered to be complex (compared to prokaryotic)‏ and formed by endosymbiosis of prokaryotes
Houses various organelles that do specific jobs within the cell
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What is an organelle?
An organelle is a structure that carries out specific activities in the cell.
Term means “little organ”
Obviously, it’s not an organ, as it’s smaller than a cell...
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5. Cell Membrane Boundary of cell Regulates what enters and leaves
Made mostly of phospholipid bilayer
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Cytoplasm
Gel like substance inside cell where organelles are housed.
Where most cellular activities occur
Many biomolecules necessary for the cell processes are dissolved there.
Used as transport medium for ribosomes and other organelles
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Nucleus
internal compartment that houses DNA (genetic material)‏
Also contains a nucleolus, which makes ribosomes.
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8. Ribosomes Responsible for protein synthesis (making protein)
Not bound by a membrane
May be found floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum (making it ROUGH ER)
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9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough -Long system of membranes throughout cell and connected to nucleus.
Ribosomes are connected to the membrane
(which makes it rough)
moves proteins
through cell
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10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth- does not contain ribosomes (looks smooth).
Primarily functions to makes lipids
Also breaks down some toxic substances (especially in the liver)
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Golgi Apparatus
Flattened membrane bound sacs
Packs (into vesicles) and distributes materials throughout the cell - gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex
Makes lysosomes
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Lysosome
Small, spherical organelles (vesicles) that contain enzymes for digesting things: food, cell parts, other cells...
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mitochondria
Organelle that gets energy (ATP) from organic compounds.
AKA “Powerhouse of the cell” “Mighty”
Has its own DNA (left-over from before endosymbiosis)
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Vacuole
Membrane bound space that stores materials: food, water, wastes
In plants central vacuole stores water and other substances and is much larger than in animals.
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Chloroplast
Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates
Full of chlorophyll (why it’s green)
Has it’s own
DNA (endosymbiosis)
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Cell wall
Rigid structure found outside cell membrane of plants.
Made of proteins and carbohydrates (cellulose)
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