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Cell Organelles Learning Intentions: 1. Recognize the cell as the basic unit of living things. 2. Describe the structure of a generalized plant and animal cell and describe the functions of the cellular components and organelles.
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Key words TXT 6362726368253877765279683385279683 Once you have worked these out find out what they mean in your books
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The Cell Cells are the basic unit of living things Cells are the basic unit of living things - All living things are made of 1 or more cells Cells are tiny! Cells are tiny! http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
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Two general types of cell Prokaryotic cell Before the Nucleus Simple circular DNA chain No membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic cell The true Nucleus Folded DNA Membrane bound organelles
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Animal Cells Do not have a regular shape Some can alter their shape eg. Phagocytes or amoeba Contain some different organelles than plants
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Organelles This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells function Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells function You will need to know: You will need to know: Plasma MembraneRibosomes MicrovilliEndoplasmic Reticulum NucleusGolgi BodiesVacuole LysosomesMitochondriaCentrioles ChloroplastsCell wallCytoskeleton http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell _structure/cell_structure.htm http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell _structure/cell_structure.htm
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Centrioles - Involved in cellular division - Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules Cytoskeleton - Composed of microtubules - Supports cell and provides shape - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells
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Golgi apparatus - Protein packaging and transport - A membrane structure found near nucleus - Composed of numerous layers forming a sac Endoplasmic reticulum - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system - Smooth type: lacks ribosomes - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
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Lysosome - Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates - Digests wastes and Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Mitochondria - Second largest organelle - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae - Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae
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Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands - Site of protein synthesis. Vacuoles - Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal - Contains water solution - Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular organisms)
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Cell Membrane The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer ( this means 2 layers of lipids) with proteins embedded in it.outercell http://www.su sanahalpine. com/anim/Lif e/memb.htm
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Your task You are to make your own cell using lollies Draw a cell membrane on a piece of paper Ribosomes: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Nucleus: Pineapple lump Golgi Bodies: Vacuole: Lysosomes: baby apples Mitochondria:Centrioles Cell wall Cytoskeleton
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Todays lesson Identify plant cell organelles Recap animal organelles
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Prepare Yourself! TEST Time
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Nucleus 3 Parts: 1. Nuclear envelope: keeps shape of nucleus. Has pores to allow some molecules in and out 2. Chromatin/ chromosomes: These are made of DNA. Chromatin is the name when DNA is unwound. Chromosomes when it is wound 3. Nucleolus: A round circle. Seen when Cell is not dividing. Produces Ribosomes.
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Plant cells Hold a fixed shape Enclosed in a cellulose wall Have parts animal cells don’t
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Cell Wall Made of cellulose Protects the cell Supports cell and maintains shape Limits cell volume preventing excessive water uptake
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Large vacuole Filled with aqueous solution of ions Very large Storage of compounds Waste disposal Hold structure
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Chloroplast Contain chlorophyll Used for photosynthesis Thylakoids (flat discs) are stacked into piles. These piles are called ‘Grana’. Fluid is called stroma Grana are connected by ‘lamallae’ by ‘lamallae’
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Root hair cell Palisade cell
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Guard cell Pollen grain
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Xylem and Phloem
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