1. Cells & Organelles

2. Cells Smallest unit of life Made up of ORGANELLES
separate part of the cell with a unique function
Two types
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

3. Essential Functions Cells have 5 Essential Functions Structure
Transportation
Information Storage & Command
Production
Energy
All organelles fall into ONE OR MORE of these categories

4. Nucleus Function Manages cell organelles
Contains the cell’s genetic information
Features:
Nucleolus
makes ribosomes
Found inside the nucleus

5. Nucleus Features cont.: Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

6. Cytoplasm Functions: Allows chemical reactions
Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly)
Features:
Jelly-like
70-90% water

7. Cytoskeleton *a network of protein fibers Functions:
Gives strength, support & shape to the cell
Provides movement for objects inside cell
Features:
Can be dis- and reassembled to change shape of cell
Acts like a monorail system for transport using “motor proteins.”

8. Mitochondria Function:
the center of cell respiration/energy processing
Converts glucose (sugar) from food to useable form of energy called ATP. ATP is used by cells to do work.
Features:
double membranes
own DNA

9. Cell Membrane Function: Controls what enters/exits the cell Features:
found around outside of cell
Selectively permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.

10. Cell Membrane Feature cont.: made of a phospholipid bilayer
Swap a phosphate for one fatty acid in a triglyceride
Hydrophilic phosphate faces the water
Hydrophobic tails gather together away from water

11. Organelles
Some organelles are part of a system of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (to put together)
Assembly
Transport
Storage

12. Rough ER
Function:
Specializes in making proteins and transporting them
Features:
Long membrane “channels”
Attached to nuclear membrane.
Does have ribosomes attached

13. Ribosomes Function: make proteins for the cell to use Features:
Some floating free in the cytoplasm
Some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

14. Smooth ER Function: transport and communication
Synthesis of fats & carbohydrates
Features:
No ribosomes attached
has tubes and canals.

15. Golgi Apparatus Function: Makes membranes
creates some products for secretion
packages proteins for storage and/or shipment
Features:
Looks like stacks of pancakes
Many layers of membranes

16. Vesicles
Function:
Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell.
Feature:
Membranes formed from Golgi or Cell Membrane

17. Lysosome Function: Digest worn out organelles & foreign particles
Destroy bacteria
Remove toxic wastes
Features:
Contain digestive enzymes
About 40 types

18. Cell Wall
Function:
Provides rigid support and structure to plant cells
Features:
Found outside the cell membrane
Made mostly of carbohydrates

19. Chloroplast Function:
convert light energy into food (sugars and starches)
Features:
Contain pigments (like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy
Have own DNA

20. Animal Cell
Plant Cell

21. Practice What are the 5 essential functions of a cell?
List 2 organelles that could fall into each category.