1. Characteristics of Living Things All organisms: are made of 1 or more cells. need a source of energy for life processes. must respond to their environment to survive. must have the ability to reproduce.

2. Cell Theory

3. Major Principles 1. All organisms are made of cells. 2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. 3. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

4. Cell Types Prokaryotes  No membrane-bound nucleus or organelles Eukaryotes  Made up of one or more cells  Nucleus & membrane-bound organelles

5. Prokaryote

6. Eukaryote

7. Parts of the Cell All cell types have:  Plasma Membrane - cells outer boundary  Cytoplasm - fluid inside the cell  Control center - nucleus in eukaryotic cells, DNA in cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells Only eukaryotic cells have organelles

8. Plasma Membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell

9. Cytoplasm Cell’s liquid interior Contains the cytoskeleton Contains organelles

10. Nucleus In Eukaryotic Cells Controls all cell’s activities Contains DNA

11. Nuclear Envelope Separates DNA from cytoplasm in the nucleus

12. Nucleolus In the nucleus Made of proteins & nucleic acids Ribosome synthesis

13. Ribosome Contains RNA Helps build proteins Made in the nucleolus

14. Mitochondrion Generates ATP (energy) Controls cell cycle & cell growth Inherited from your mother

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Production & movement of proteins throughout the cell

16. Golgi Apparatus Processes & packages lipids & proteins

17. Lysosome Digests food & worn-out cell parts for the cell

18. Cilia & Flagella Single-celled organisms Helps move the cell around Cilia – many & short Flagella – few & long Cilia Flagella

19. Cell Wall Outside of the cell membrane Provides support & protection Plant cells

20. Central Vacuole Storage unit for cells Contains wastes, food, or water

21. Chloroplast Conducts photosynthesis