1. Cells & Organelles
page 20

2. Organelles? Specialized structures with specialized functions
Golgi
Organelles?
mitochondria
Specialized structures with specialized functions
Containers / Organization
Membranes as sites for chemical reactions
chloroplast

3. Cells have to work to live…
What do cells have to do?
Make proteins
Proteins control EVERY cell function
Make energy
For daily life & growth
Food & water storage
Maintain homeostasis
Movement
Miscellaneous

4. THE PROTEIN ASSEMBLY LINE
Building Proteins
Organelles involved:
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
THE PROTEIN ASSEMBLY LINE
Nucleus  Ribosome  ER  Golgi apparatus  Vesicles

5. Nucleus = contains DNA – genetic information
Known as the “control center” of the cell
Gives the instructions for protein synthesis

6. Ribosomes = Site of protein production (where proteins are made)
RNA gets the code from DNA and takes it to the ribosomes
They look like small dots!

7. Making Energy
Cells must convert incoming energy to forms that they can use for work
Organelles involved:
Mitochondria
Glucose  ATP
Chloroplast
Sunlight  Glucose
ATP

8. Mitochondria = where energy (ATP) is made
Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell
Contains folds called cristae
If you INCREASE the surface area (# of folds), MORE energy is made!

9. Chloroplast = where photosynthesis takes place
Makes GLUCOSE!
ONLY PLANT CELLS HAVE CHLOROPLAST!
Remember  photosynthesis is the reaction plants use to make their own food

10. Food & Water Storage
Organelle involved
Vacuole

11. Vacuole = stores waste (mostly water)
Larger in plant cells than animal cells
Plants need to absorb excess water
Larger Vacuole = More water
Smaller Vacuole = Less water

12. Maintain Homeostasis Stable internal environment Organelle involved:
Plasma membrane

13. Plasma Membrane
= responsible for maintaining a stable, internal environment AKA HOMEOSTASIS
It allows certain materials in to and out of the cell
Known as the “gatekeeper”
AKA :
Semi-permeable
Cell Membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer

14. Plasma Membrane Made of many PHOSPHOLIPIDS Heads: Hydrophilic
(Water loving)
Tails: Hydrophobic
(Water fearing)

15. Movement
Organelles involved:
Cilia
Flagella

16. Cilia & Flagella Cilia = movement; short, hair-like structure
Flagella = movement; long, whip-like structure

17. Cell Wall = provides structure and support to PLANT cells
ONLY PLANT CELLS HAVE A CELL WALL
Located on the outside of the plasma membrane

18. Cytoplasm
= gel-like substance throughout the cell that holds the organelles in place