1. Democracy Major Idea or Feature A govt. of the people by the people and for the people A govt. of the people by the people and for the people 4 building blocks 4 building blocks Constitution Constitution Free elections Free elections Majority rule minority rights Majority rule minority rights Citizen participation Citizen participation Examples Ancient Greece (Athens) Direct democracy Great Britain Parliamentary democracy France USA Indirect democracy Republic Representative democracy

2. Feudalism Major Idea or Feature Land = power De-centralized gov’t (weak monarch; strong nobles) Manor was isolated & self sufficient Rigid class system King Lord (protection) Knight Serf / peasant > (grow food) Church was the one unifying force …all powerful Examples Middle Ages in Western Europe (500 -1500 AD) Begins with Fall of Rome Breaks down after the Crusades Feudal Japan Ends with USA’s Perry’s arrival (1853) Meiji Era begins (1867)

3. Divine Right Major Idea or Feature 1500-1700’s Europe 1500-1700’s Europe Belief that the power to rule came from God/Heaven Belief that the power to rule came from God/Heaven French philosopher, Bousset’s idea French philosopher, Bousset’s idea In China it was called the Mandate of Heaven In China it was called the Mandate of Heaven Examples Louis XIV of France “The Sun King” Peter the Great of Russia (Build St. Petersburg… “Window to the West”)

4. Absolutism Major Idea or Feature Justified by the Divine Right of Kings Theory Absolute power over the public and private lives of the people Centralized Gov’t Mercantilism…wealth through trade…pay for army/navy Wars to expand and unite nation Persecute dissidents/dissenters Examples Louis XIV Peter the Great

5. LIMITED MONARCHY MAJOR IDEAS: Monarch’s power is limited by the law (the people) Monarch’s power is limited by the law (the people) CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCH CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCH EXAMPLES: Great Britain Magna Carta 1215 English Civil War (1640’s) (Puritan Rev.) Commonwealth Period(1660) Glorious Rev. (1688) English Bill of Rights (1689)

6. Fascism Major Idea or Feature State is #1! Strict obedience to authority Violence is acceptable Use of terror and censorship Blind loyalty to leader State control of economy, but not state ownership of business Special uniforms, salutes, mass meetings Examples Italy under Benito Mussolini (1921-1945 ) Germany under Nazis Adolph Hitler (1933-1945) Spain under Francisco Franco (1930’s – 1970’s)

7. Totalitarianism OTHER NAMES: DICTATORSHIP; AUTHORITARIAN; AUTOCRACY Total power in the hands of one or a few No guarantee of civil liberties Strict obedience to authority Violence is acceptable Use of terror and censorship State is all important Examples Theocracy (Religion =Gov’t) Iran (1979) Afghanistan(Taliban) Sudan (1980) Feudalism Absolutism Fascism Communism (as practiced) USSR under Joseph Stalin DENOTES A TYPE OF TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM