1. Unit 7 Review WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

2. Absolute Rulers  All powerful Kings and Queens  Made all the Laws  Not subject to the law  Divine Right- right to rule from God

3. Absolute Rulers  Louis XIV- Controlled every aspect of life in France.  Peter the Great- Brought Western ideas to Russia. Moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg  Phillip II- Spanish king who was ruler during the colonization of the Americas.  Charles I- Was king during the English Civil War. Fought a war with Parliament and lost.

4. Limited Monarchy  Began with the Magna Carta- checked the English king  Parliament began to take a major role in checking the king  After the English Civil War, the English Bill of Rights made the king get permission from Parliament for everything

5. Scientific Revolution  New way of thinking  Rejected traditional teachings of the Church  Used the scientific method to find the answers to questions

6. Scientific Revolution  Isaac Newton- Most influential thinker of the Scientific Revolution. Known for the Laws of Gravity  Galileo Galilei- Conducted tests on the motion of objects  Francis Bacon- Promoted the scientific method a systematic way of testing hypotheses through experimentation  Descartes- Father of Modern Philosophy

7. Enlightenment  Questioned the role of the Church  Rejected traditional teaching of the Church  Questioned the role of traditional institutions such as the Monarchy’s rule over the people- divine right  Natural Laws- men have certain rights that are given by God and can’t be taken away  Defined the relationship between the people and governments

8. Enlightenment Thinkers  Rousseau- Government should express the general will of the people  Locke- Men have natural rights that they are born with and can’t be taken away by rulers  Montesquieu- three branches of government, checks and balance  Voltaire- Religious tolerance and intellectual freedom  Adam Smith- Capitalism  William Blackstone- English common law, explained how power is shared by the king and parliament  Hobbes- Believed that man was not naturally good and needed the king to preserve order

9. American Revolution  Pre causes- Magna Carta, English Civil War, and English Bill of Rights, Enlightenment ideas- Natural Law  Taxes on everything, taxation without representation  Results- US Bill of Rights, Constitution, branches of government with checks and balances (Montesquieu)  Inspired the French Revolution and Latin American independence

10. French Revolution  Causes by the inequality of the Three Estates-the church, the nobility, and the people  Taxes were mostly paid by the 3 rd Estate -people. The 1 st and 2 nd Estates asked them to pay more  Enlightenment ideas made the people unwilling to accept the divine right reasons that kings used to rule.  Inspired Latin America’s fight for independence from Spain

11. Reign of Terror  Robespierre was in control of the Committee of Public Safety that tried to gain back order for the new France.  He used violence to restore order and get rid of those that were against the New France.  Required all males to serve in the Army

12. Napoleon  Introduced reforms more in line with the French Revolution  Defeated France’s enemies quickly  Was seen a stabilizing factor by the people  Made himself Emperor in 1804  World impact- Weakened Spain that helped Latin America with their revolutions

13. Latin American Revolutions  Inspired by the American and French Revolutions  Enlightenment ideas  Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo lead the fight for independence  Took about 10 years to established total independence (1814-1824)