1. Biology 322 Human Anatomy I Cells and Tissues (Basic Cytology and Histology)

2. Recall: SYSTEMS are composed of one or more organs, all serving a common function ORGANELLES are composed of different types of molecules, all serving a common function ORGANS are composed of one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function TISSUES are composed of one or more types of cells and their products, all serving a common function CELLS are composed of different types of organelles, all serving a common function

4. All cells in the human body share some important characteristics:

5. Cells:

6. Cells: Size:

7. Cells: Shape:

8. Independent Study: Your textbook discusses the organelles of most cells. You should understand the basic structure and function of each of the following: Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Mitochondria Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vesicles Cytoskeleton You will be responsible for these on exams You should also understand the basic structure and function of cilia and flagella

9. Plasma Membrane: Also called "plasmalemma" May have special names in specific types of cells e.g. "sarcolemma" in muscle cells, "neurolemma" in nerve cells - Keeps inside in and outside out while - Contolling movement of ions/molecules into and out of cell - Interacts with other cells and with extracellular materials around cell - Allows cell to recognize and respond to chemical signals

10. Plasma Membrane: Basic structure =

11. Plasma Membrane: Has specialized junctions for cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication 1.

12. Plasma Membrane: Has specialized junctions for cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication 2.

13. Plasma Membrane: Has specialized junctions for cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication 3.

14. Let's move on to tissues

15. Recall: SYSTEMS are composed of one or more organs, all serving a common function ORGANS are composed of one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function TISSUES are composed of one or more types of cells and their products, all serving a common function

16. All tissues:

18. With only a few, rare exceptions, all organs of the human body are composed of four types of tissue: Each of these can have one or more subtypes

19. Let’s start with Epithelium - Covers body surfaces (e.g. skin, cornea) - Lines body cavities (e.g. peritoneal cavity, pericardial cavity - Lines insides of hollow organs (e.g. stomach, heart, lung. aorta, oviduct) - Forms glands (e.g. sweat glands, pancreas, salivary glands)

20. Characteristics of Epithelium Functional characteristics of epithelia

21. Epithelium always supported by

22. Epithelium Different types for different functions. Classified according to:

24. Epithelium Number of layers Shape of surface cells

25. Simple Squamous Epithelium

26. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

27. Simple Columnar Epithelium

28. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

29. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

30. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

31. (Stratified) Transitional Epithelium

32. Epithelium No good examples of stratified columnar epithelium. Found only in parts of the male reproductive system

33. Epithelium also forms all glands in the body Glands classified by a) b)

34. Exocrine glands also classified by c)

35. Characteristics of Connective Tissue Functional characteristics of connective tissues

36. Connective Tissues Ordinary connective tissues Specialized connective tissues

37. Ordinary Connective Tissues Common cells Fibers

38. Loose Areolar Connective Tissues

39. Adipose Connective Tissues

40. Dense Regular Connective Tissues

41. Dense Irregular Connective Tissues

42. Specialized Connective Tissues: Hyaline Cartilage

43. Specialized Connective Tissues: Elastic Cartilage

44. Specialized Connective Tissues: Fibrous Cartilage

45. Specialized Connective Tissues: Bone

46. Muscle Tissue:

47. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Muscle Muscle Muscle Myocytes Nuclei Striations

48. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth More detail on muscle tissues and their cells when we discuss the muscular system

49. Nervous Tissue: (no subtypes) 1) 2)