1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 4, part 2 The Tissue Level of Organization

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Exocrine glands Secrete through ducts onto the surface of the gland Endocrine glands Release hormones into surrounding fluid Glandular epithelia

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Merocrine (product released through exocytosis) Apocrine (involves the loss of both product and cytoplasm) Holocrine (destroys the cell) Glandular secretions can be:

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.6 Mechanisms of Glandular Secretion Figure 4.6 Animation: Mechanisms of glandular secretion PLAY

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Unicellular Individual secretory cells Multicellular Organs containing glandular epithelium Classified according to structure Glands

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.7 Figure 4.7 A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 4-3 Connective Tissues

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Establishing a structural framework Transporting fluids and dissolved materials Protecting delicate organs Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting tissues Storing energy reserves Defending the body from microorganisms Connective tissue functions:

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.8 Figure 4.8 A Classification of Connective Tissues

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Specialized cells Matrix Composed of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance Connective tissues contain

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Contains varied cell populations Contains various fiber types A syrupy ground substance Connective tissue proper

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fluid connective tissue Contains a distinctive cell population Watery ground substance with dissolved proteins Two types Blood Lymph

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Less diverse cell population Dense ground substance Closely packed fibers Two types Cartilage Bone Supporting connective tissues

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Contains fibers, a viscous ground substance, and a varied cell population Fibroblasts Macrophage Adipocytes Mesenchymal cells Melanocytes Mast cells Lymphocytes Microphages Connective tissue proper

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Three types of fiber Collagen fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers Connective tissue proper

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Classified as loose or dense Loose Embryonic mesenchyme, mucous connective tissues Areolar tissue Adipose tissue Reticular tissue Dense Dense regular CT Dense irregular CT Connective tissue proper

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9 Figure 4.9 The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.10 Connective Tissue in Embryos Figure 4.10

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.11 Adipose and Reticular Tissues Figure 4.11

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.12 Dense Connective Tissues Figure 4.12a

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.12 Dense Connective Tissues Figure 4.12b

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.12 Dense Connective Tissues Figure 4.12c