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Anatomy and Physiology
Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5 Shier w Butler w Lewis Tissues Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 5-1
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Chapter 5 Tissues Four major tissue types ___________ Muscle 5-2
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Epithelial Tissues General characteristics -
_____________ and the body line body cavities ___________ organs have a free surface have a ___________________ ____________ cells __________________ cells ___________________ cells often have _______________ function in _________, secretion, absorption, and excretion classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers 5-3
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Epithelial Tissues Simple squamous – Simple cuboidal –
_____________________ substances pass easily through line _________ line __________ vessels line lymphatic vessels Simple cuboidal – single layer of cube-shaped cells line _______________ cover ________ line ducts of some glands 5-4
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Epithelial Tissues Simple columnar – Pseudostratified columnar –
single layer of __________ cells sometimes possess _____ sometimes possess __________ often have goblet cells line uterus, _________, intestines Pseudostratified columnar – single layer of elongated cells appear striated often have cilia often have __________ line ____________ passageways 5-5
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Epithelial Tissues Stratified squamous – Stratified cuboidal –
many cell layers top cells are ______ can accumulate _______ _________________ line oral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal Stratified cuboidal – ___________ cube-shaped cells line ducts of ________ glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the _________ 5-6
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Epithelial Tissues Stratified columnar – Transitional –
top layer of elongated cells ____________ cells in deeper layers line __________, male urethra, and part of _________ Transitional – many cell layers _________ and elongated cells line _______________, ureters, and part of urethra 5-7
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Glandular Epithelium Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances ___________ glands are ductless Exocrine glands have ______ _____________ exocrine gland composed of ________ goblet cell ______________ exocrine gland composed of many cells sweat glands, salivary glands, etc. 5-8
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Structural Types of Exocrine Glands
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Types of Glandular Secretions
Merocrine glands fluid product _________ glands _________ sweat glands Apocrine glands cellular product portions of cells mammary glands _____________ glands Holocrine glands secretory products __________ sebaceous glands 5-10
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Connective Tissues General characteristics - most abundant tissue type
many functions bind structures provide ______________________ serve as frameworks fill spaces ___________ produce __________ protect against __________ help repair tissue damage have a matrix have varying degrees of vascularity have cells that usually divide 5-11
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Connective Tissue Major Cell Types
Fibroblasts fixed cell _____________ cell large, star-shaped produce ________ Macrophages wandering cell ___________ important in defense Mast cells fixed cell release ________ release __________ 5-12
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Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagenous fibers thick composed of collagen great __________strength abundant in dense CT hold structures together _______, ___________ Elastic fibers bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin fibers branch ________ __________, air passages Reticular fibers very thin collagenous fibers highly branched form supportive networks 5-13
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Connective Tissues Connective tissue proper loose connective tissue
______________ reticular connective tissue _________ connective tissue ________ connective tissue Specialized connective tissue _________ ________ _______ 5-14
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Connective Tissues Loose connective tissue Adipose tissue
mainly _____________ fluid to gel-like matrix collagenous fibers _____________ bind skin to structures beneath most epithelia between _________ Adipose tissue __________ cushions insulates ____________ beneath skin _____________ around _________ and ______ 5-15
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Connective Tissues Dense connective tissue Reticular connective tissue
composed of reticular fibers supports walls of _______, ______, lymphatic organs Dense connective tissue packed collagenous fibers _____________ few fibroblasts bind body parts together ________, ligaments, dermis poor blood supply 5-16
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Connective Tissues Elastic connective tissue Bone
abundant in elastic fibers some collagenous fibers ____________ attachments between _________ walls of large arteries, ________, ______ Bone solid matrix __________ ____________ forms blood cells attachment for muscles skeleton __________ in _______ 5-17
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Connective Tissues Hyaline cartilage Cartilage Elastic cartilage
most abundant ends of ________ _____, respiratory passages __________________ Cartilage rigid matrix chondrocytes in lacunae __________________ three types _________ ________ fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage flexible ____________, ________ Fibrocartilage very tough _____________ ____________________ pads of knee and pelvic girdle 5-18
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Connective Tissues Three types of cartilage 5-19
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Connective Tissues Blood fluid matrix called ______ _____ blood cells
platelets __________ ________ clotting throughout body in blood vessels heart 5-20
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Muscle Tissues Skeletal muscle General characteristics Smooth muscle
attached to bones ________ __________ General characteristics muscle cells called muscle fibers contractile three types ________ Smooth muscle walls of organs skin _____________________ involuntary _____________ Cardiac muscle heart wall ____________ ________ intercalated discs 5-21
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Muscle Tissues 5-22
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Nervous Tissues found in brain, spinal cord, and ___________________
basic cells are neurons __________ cells are supporting cells __________ reception conduction of nerve impulses 5-23
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Types of Epithelial Membranes
Serous line body cavities that _____ openings to outside ____________ inner lining of thorax and abdomen cover organs of thorax and abdomen secrete serous fluid Mucous line tubes and organs that ____ to outside world lining of ______, nose, throat, etc. secrete mucus Cutaneous __________ skin 5-24
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Clinical Application Collagen Disorders Chondrodysplasia
collagen chains too wide stunted growth _________________ Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa breakdown of collagen that attaches skin layers _____________ skin lax joints Hereditary osteoarthritis change in amino acid in collagen painful joints 5-25
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