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Cartilage, Bone, and Blood
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Connective Tissue Slide 3.53 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Found everywhere in the body Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues Functions Binds body tissues together Supports the body Provides protection
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Connective Tissue Characteristics Slide 3.54 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Variations in blood supply Some tissue types are well vascularized Some have poor blood supply or are avascular Ligaments, tendons, cartilage Extracellular matrix Non-living material that surrounds living cells
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Extracellular Matrix Slide 3.55 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two main elements #1. Ground substance – mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules Adhesion proteins: attach cells to fibers Polysaccharide molecules: trap water. Relative amount determines fluidity of tissue.
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Extracellular Matrix Slide 3.55 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two main elements #2. Fibers Produced by the connective tissue cells. (Cells that produce these fibers are called fibroblasts.) Three types Collagen fibers Elastic fibers Reticular fibers
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Extracellular Matrix EM helps connective tissue – Stretch – Cushion, protect organs – Withstand abrasion – Bind tissues together FatBone -Soft matrix- Hard matrix -Many cells- Few cells Less Fluid
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Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.56 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Differ in number and type of fibers There are 5 types Bone Cartilage Dense Loose Blood
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Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.56 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone (osseous tissue) Composed of: Hard (mineralized) matrix of calcium salts Large numbers of collagen fibers
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Anatomy of Osseous Tissue
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The osteon is the structural subunit of bones. An osteon looks like the spokes of a wheel, with a haversian canal in the center. Blood vessels run through the canal and canaliculi (minute tunnels) transport materials from canal to osteocytes to promote fast healing. Cells are in a collagen and calcium matrix containing cavities called lacunae. Each cavity (lacuna) contains one osteocyte (bone cell).
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Connective Tissue Types: Cartilage Slide 3.58a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cartilage is flexible, allowing movement of the joints. Made up of cells called chondrocytes, which are located in lacunae. Three types: Elastic, Hyaline, Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage Provides elasticity Example: supports the external ear Makes up epiglottis
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Connective Tissue Types: Cartilage Slide 3.57 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hyaline cartilage Most common cartilage Composed of: Abundant collagen fibers Rubbery matrix Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage Attaches ribs to breastbone Figure 3.18b
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Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.58b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fibrocartilage Highly compressible, very tough Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae Figure 3.18c
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Connective Tissue Types Slide 3.59 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dense connective tissue Has few cells called fibroblasts Main matrix element is closely packed collagen fibers Examples Tendon – attach muscle to bone Ligaments – attach bone to bone Figure 3.18d Poor blood supply = slow healing from injuries.
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Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Loose Connective Tissue Soft More cells and fewer fibers than dense CT 3 types: Areolar, Adipose, Reticular Figure 3.18e
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Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.60 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Areolar connective tissue Most widely distributed connective tissue Soft, pliable tissue Contains all fiber types Can soak up excess fluid Figure 3.18e
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Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.61 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Adipose tissue Made up of adipocytes (fat cells) Matrix is an areolar tissue Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions Insulates the body Protects some organs Serves as a site of fuel storage Figure 3.18f
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Connective Tissue Types: Loose Slide 3.62 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reticular connective tissue Delicate network of interwoven fibers Produces some immune cells Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow Figure 3.18g
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Connective Tissue Types: Blood Slide 3.63 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix Fibers are visible during clotting Functions as the transport vehicle for materials Figure 3.18h
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