1. CHAPTER 24 THE TRIUMPH OF THE MIDDLE CLASSES: WESTERN ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, INTELLECTUAL, AND CULTURAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS, 1815-1914

2. The Middle Classes and Their Influences “Upstairs, Downstairs” The English Example Middle-Class Christianity

3. The Human Costs of Industrialization The Factory System Women and Child Labor Urban Crises The Labor Movement The “Internationals” and Europe’s Socialism

4. The Second Industrial Revolution Food and Population Increases The Ties That Bind: New Networks Industrialization and Banking Changes on the Continent The Zollverein

5. Scientific Advances Darwin and Evolution Medicine, Chemistry, and Physics

6. Technological Growth and Advances Electricity Engines Laborsaving Devices

7. Economic Bases for Global Dominance New Structures The New World Economy Political Implications

8. Culture Reflections of the Age Romanticism Realism Beethoven and His Successors Impressionism in the Arts Sculpture and Architecture