1. HERBAL CONCOCTIONS AND MEDICINE

2. PRESENTED BY GROUPS SELFIE AND REINVENTED

3. OVERVIEW

4. CONCOCTION is a combination of various ingredients, usually herbs, spices, condiments, powdery substances, or minerals, mixed up together, minced, dissolved, or macerated into a liquid so as they can be ingested or drunk.

5. HERBAL MEDICINE  oldest form of healthcare  earliest scientific tradition in medical practice and that remains an important part of medicine to this day  many drugs known today are of herbal origin  considered an art of healing with its profusion of folklore, mythologies, and superstitions

6. HISTORY  Stone Age Edible plants were used to cure ailments or soothe a fever. Snakeroot plant for calming patients Extract of foxglove for swollen legs Curare for muscle relaxation

7. HISTORY  4,000 B.C.E. Shaman (medicine man) performed incantation, spells, and self-induced trances. The world’s earliest surgical operations were more likely to strengthen the doctor’s own power than to cure a patient.

8. HISTORY  Ancient India, 6 th Century B.C A physician named Susruta, was able to list down hundreds of herbal remedies after series of primitive experiments

9. HISTORY  Ancient India, 6 th Century B.C Serious illnesses have spiritual rather than physical causes. The doctor’s duty was to appease or expel the evil spirit troubling the sick person.

10. HISTORY  Europe, 13 th Cetury Herbal medicine was primarily a woman’s art. Male graduates of medical schools displaced traditional female herbalists.

11. HISTORY  Europe, 19 th Cetury Advancements in chemistry allowed extraction of active ingredients from herbs. The chemical word drug was derived from “drogue”, old French word for herb.

12. HISTORY  1970’s Most drugs in medicine came from herbs. Gingko for Alzheimer’s disease St. John’s wort for mild to moderate depression Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hypertrophy

13. PHILIPPINE CONTEXT  Spanish Rule and Religion  Chinese Trade Relations  Tribal and Provincial Diversitites  Superstitions

14. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

15. SCHOOLS  New knowledge about developing herbs into chemical drugs  Empirical studies

16. ECONOMY  Mass production of Drugs and Medicines.  Lesser mortality rate.

17. MEDIA  Dispersion and dissemination of Herbal Medicines.  Health-related television programs.

18. MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS  Validates the effectiveness of the herbal medicine, therefore, new ideas are develop, new medicines are discovered.

19. TRADE AND INDUSTRY  Government imports herbal medicines from other countries like Thailand and India.  Countries are able to produce locally- made herbal medicines.

20. REFERENCES: Bratman S, & Girman A. (2003). Mosby’s Handbook of Herbs and Supplements and their Therapeutic Uses. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby. Inc. Schuiz V, Hansel R, & Tyler V. (1998). Rational Phytotheraphy. A physicians guide to herbal medicine. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. http://www.zambotimes.com/archives/27861-Herbal-medicine-in-the Philippines.html http://historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa52#ixzz30bQQdm9t http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concoction http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ken_Snow