1. Biomolecules

2. Making Polymers Carbon is the one element needed for the creation
of life
Carbon has 4 bonding sites making it important
because of the bonding abilities
When carbon is linked to itself it is said to be a
carbon skeleton
Carbon based molecules are considered Organic
molecules.
Non-carbon based molecules are considered
Inorganic molecules

3. Making Polymers Biomolecules are made up of smaller pieces
Monomer: A small molecular unit
Polymer: Monomers linked together
There are 4 main polymers or Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4. Building and breaking Polymers
Building Polymers
Breaking Polymer
To make a polymer, monomers are chained together
Each linkage made requires water out of the chain
Dehydration reaction= monomer+monomer= release of water
To break down polymers, monomers are removed
Each linkage broken requires water into the chain
Hydrolysis reaction= Polymer-monomer+water= two parts

5. LE 3-3 Short polymer Dehydration reaction Unlinked monomer
Longer polymer
Hydrolysis

6. Carbohydrates

7. Monosaccharide A simple sugar containing only one sugar molecule. EX.
LE 3-4b
Glucose
Fructose
A simple sugar containing only one sugar molecule.
EX.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
One sugar molecule
can be in a chain or
ring form
Structural
formula
Abbreviated
structure
Simplified

8. Glucose Glucose is a main source of cellular energy
The carbon skeleton can also be used to build other molecules
Glucose is also used to create larger macromolecules.
Structural
formula
Abbreviated
structure
Simplified

9. Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides can be linked together using a dehydration reaction to create a disaccharide
Ex.
Glucose+fructose= sucrose
Glucose+Glucose= maltose
Glucose
Maltose

10. Polysaccharide Long polymer chains made up of a chain of simple sugars
EX.
Starch= found in plant cells and is a long chain of glucose
Glycogen= found in animal cells and is a long chain of glucose that is branched
Cellulose= found in plant cells and is a long chain of glucose that are linked together with hydrogen bonds
Sugar molecules are hydrophilic

11. STARCH GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE Starch granules in potato tuber cells
muscle
tissues
Cellulose fibrils in
a plant cell wall
Cellulose
molecules
GLYCOGEN
CELLULOSE
STARCH
Glucose
monomer