1. Ecological Principles Mr. Skirbst Life Science Topic 18

2. Ecology

3. -Greek “oikos” – means household or home

4. Ecology -Greek “oikos” – means household or home -It is the study of the “households” of Earth

5. Ecology -Greek “oikos” – means household or home -It is the study of the “households” of Earth -Involves relationships within ecosystems

6. Ecosystem

7. -An area where biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors interact

8. Ecosystem -An area where biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors interact -Ex. Lake, swamp, river, ocean, forest, field, drop of water, etc.

9. Community -Biotic part of an ecosystem

10. Community -Biotic part of an ecosystem -Ex. Plants or animals living together in an area

11. Niche -The specific role of an organism in an ecosystem

12. Population

13. -Group of similar organisms in an area

14. Population -Group of similar organisms in an area -Ex. All the ants; worms; grass; etc. in an area

15. Population Density

16. -Number of organisms per unit area

17. Population Density -Number of organisms per unit area Density = # organisms/ square units D = N/S

18. Population Growth

21. -Related to birth & mortality

22. Population Growth -Related to birth & mortality -Exponential growth produces a “J-shaped” population curve

23. Population Graph

24. Population Growth -Related to birth & mortality -Exponential growth produces a “J-shaped” population curve Competition – struggle for resources (predators, prey, habitat loss)

25. Population Graph

26. Energy Flow

34. -Producers: change sun energy into chemical energy (Ex. Plants and plant-like protists)

35. Energy Flow -Consumer: change chemical energy to kinetic energy -They “consume” other organisms

36. Energy Flow -Consumer: change chemical energy to kinetic energy -They “consume” other organisms Primary - herbivores

37. Energy Flow -Consumer: change chemical energy to kinetic energy -They “consume” other organisms Primary – herbivores Secondary - carnivores or omnivores

38. Energy Flow -Decomposer: recycle remains of other organisms

39. Energy Flow -Energy Pyramid: shows flow of energy from one level to another Producers Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Decomposers Tertiary Consumer

40. Energy Flow -Food Chain: transfer of energy from one organism to another

41. Energy Flow -Food Chain: transfer of energy from one organism to another

42. Energy Flow -Food Chain: transfer of energy from one organism to another

43. Energy Flow -Food Chain: transfer of energy from one organism to another

44. Energy Flow -Food Web: overlapping food chains

45. Population Graph Create a population graph with the data: Year:Population: 18 216 332 464 5120 6200

46. Population Graph TIME (Years) POPULATION (Individuals) Name, Date