1. Towards a framework for Mobility Management ECOMM 2008 London Giuliano Mingardo Harry Geerlings Erasmus University Rotterdam

2. Background MM is gaining attention not only among policy makers but also among researchers; Still, there is relatively little scientific literature about MM; Very often MM is a long list of best practices or successful stories, but there is hardly any framework for it; We are trying to build a framework for MM;

3. Analysis One firm: Erasmus University Rotterdam Two divisions: 1)Erasmus MC 2)Woudestein Two approaches: 1)Successful implementation of MM; 2)No implementation of MM (yet);

4. Methodology Our approach is twofold: Qualitative research: policy analysis and interview with stakeholders; Quantitative research: survey about the mobility patterns of circa 2,000 employees (response rate 787);

5. Frame of analysis (I) Three spatial levels: Micro: the employee; Meso: the employer; Macro: the local authority;

6. Frame of analysis (II) Two elements: A.DRIVERS needed to introduce/accept MM measures: Problems to be solved; Sense of urgency; B.POLICY TOOLS needed to implement MM measures: Stick; Carrot; Infrastructure (alternatives to car use);

7. DRIVERSPOLICY TOOLS PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED SENSE OF URGENCY STICKCARROTINFRA Alternatives to car use Perceived by the employee: Commuting; Stress; Health; Low High Provided by the employer: company paid parking Provided by the employer: fin incentives; other (bike schemes,...) - Perceived by the employeer Economic Productivity lost Low High Provided by the local authority: max parking norms; Travel Plans Provided by the local authority: Incentives; Knowledge support Provided by the local/regional authority: specific link with PT or bycicle infra Perceived by the city: Accessibility; Economy; Quality of Life; Low High Provided by the local autority: paid parking; congestion charge;... ? Provided by the local/regional/nat authority: PT system; Bycicle lanes;... MICRO MESO MACRO

8. Erasmus University Rotterdam: DRIVERS PROBLEM TO BE SOLVEDSENSE OF URGENCY ERASMUS MC Huge accessibility problem for employees, patients and visitors; Very high: late employees and patients mean higher costs and less revenues; ERASMUS WOUDESTEIN Improve quality of life on campus; Avoid construction of new parking; Medium-Low: To be an attractive employeer; Save the money for the construction of the new parking facility; MESO

9. Erasmus University Rotterdam: POLICY TOLLS STICKCARROTINFRASTRUCTURE ERASMUS MC YES Paid parking for employees YES Financial – Individual travel budget YES ERASMUS WOUDEST. NOYES Not financial – bike schemes YES MICRO

10. Erasmus University Rotterdam: POLICY TOLLS STICKCARROTINFRASTRUCTURE ERASMUS MC YES Paid parking around the campus YES ERASMUS WOUDEST. NOYES MACRO

11. ERASMUS MC (MM successfully implemented) DRIVERPOLICY TOOLS PROBLEMSENSE OF URGENCY STICKCARROTINFRA MICROYESHIGHYES - MESOYESHIGH-?YES MACROYESHIGHYES- DRIVERPOLICY TOOLS PROBLEMSENSE OF URGENCY STICKCARROTINFRA MICRONO- YES- MESOYESMEDIUM- LOW ?YES MACROYESHIGHNO-YES ERASMUS WOUDESTEIN (MM not implemented)

12. CONCLUSIONS In order to successfully implement MM measures in a firm you need three sets of necessary conditions: 1.The sense of urgency at micro or meso level must be high; 2.Stick measures must be present both at micro and macro level; 3.The carrot must be present at micro level (preferably a financial carrot);

13. ERASMUS WOUDESTEIN Questionnaire on the mobility pattern of employees and students; High response: 787 employees (45,2%) and 2,572 students (16,3%);

14. Erasmus University Rotterdam Modal Split employees

15. Erasmus University Rotterdam Reasons for traveling by car

16. Erasmus University Rotterdam Reasons for traveling by bike

17. Erasmus University Rotterdam Distance vs. modal split

18. Erasmus University Rotterdam Opinion about the monthly payment for parking the car

19. Erasmus University Rotterdam Would you quit driving in case of …? Payment

20. Erasmus University Rotterdam Reasons to quit driving

21. CONCLUSIONS In order to successfully implement MM measures in a firm you need three sets of necessary conditions: 1.The sense of urgency at micro or meso level must be high; 2.Stick measures must be present both at micro and macro level; 3.The carrot must be present at micro level (preferably a financial carrot);

22. TASK FOR THE LOCAL AUTHORITY Make employers aware of the seriousness of the problem; Put employers in the right position to introduce MM measures: provide the stick at macro level!

23. HOW TO MAKE EMPLOYERS AWARE They know there is a problem; They might know the seriousness of the problem; They know the possible solutions; What they often dont know are the BENEFITS OF MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

24. THANKS